Geology

Albedo

Measurment of reflection

Longwave radiatio

radiation emitted emitted by the Earth

Shortwave Radiation

Solar radiation that passes through Earth and Heats the atmospherre

Greenhouse Effect

The warming of Earth's surface due to the trapping of heat by greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which prevents longwave radiation from escaping into space.

Carbon Dioxide

A greenhouse gas

Greenhouse Gas

any gas that absorbs and emits radiation within the infrared range, contributing to the greenhouse effect.

Atmospheric Window

The range of wavelengths in the infrared spectrum that can escape the Earth's atmosphere without being absorbed by greenhouse gases.

Climate vs weather

Climate is what is expected, weather is what happens

Physical weathering

Breaking ofrock into smaller pieces due to physical forces like freeze-thaw cycles, temperature changes, or abrasion.

Chemical Weathering

The process in which rocks are broken down through chemical reactions, altering their mineral composition and leading to the formation of new minerals.

Frost wedging

when water freezes it expands pushing anything in its way

carbonic acid

Carbon Dioxide dissolved in water

soil erosion

erosion from wind and water

O horizan

loose and partly decayed organic matter

A horizon

mineral matter mixed with humus

Soil Profile

OAEBC

biological activity

when a living thing gets I the way and changes the land

oxidation

Oxegyn dissolves in water, rust

snow line

Elavation in which snow is every year

firn

snow recrystallized in to dense, small grains

zone of wastage

the area where there is a nett loss of glacial ice

ice sheet

LArger than valley glaciers; Greenland and antartica

till

unsordted sediment from glacial action

Zone of Accumilation

Where glaier forms

zone of fracturee

the upper 50 meters of glacieris brittle

Alpine Glaciers

Vallet glaciers, exist in mountain valleys

Glacial Budget

balance between Accumilation and loss of ice; if unbalanced the glacier will move

glacial advance

glacier flow downhill

positive feedback loop

Warmtemp-less snow and ice-more sunlight absorbed by land

Mass Wasting

Downhill movement of rock and soil under the direct influence of gravity

angle of repose

where unsoldated particles assume a stable slope

fall

debris falling

distinct zone of weakness

slide

creep

slow rate of movement

slump

a slump is the movement of a mass of rock or unconsolidated material as a unit along a curved surface

n which area would weathering by frost wedging probably be most effective?
A) in a moist, tropical forest
B) in cool high desert areas
C) where the subsoil is permanently frozen
D) in moist, temperate climates

B

Which one of the following applies to a valley glacier that advances (extends its terminus
downslope) over a period of many years?A) Wastage exceeds accumulation.
B) Accumulation exceeds wastage.
C) Accumulation and wastage are about equal

b

Which way is the ice in a retreating alpine glacier flowing?
A) upslope
B) downslope
C) it is not flowing
D) both upslope and downslop

B

Which mass movement process has the slowest rate of movement?
A) soil creep
B) rock avalanche
C) mud slide
D) slump

A

CO2 levels drop during spring and summer months because __________.
A) fossil fuel consumption increases
B) photosynthetic organisms are absorbing CO2
C) plants are decomposing
D) photosynthesis is reduced
Answer: B

B