A&P Lecture Exam #3

What is happening in Osteoporosis

Bone loss is happening faster than bone formation.

Calcitonin is produced…

When blood calcium levels are too high

The end of a long bone is called

ephyisis

When a bone breaks, the osteocytes near the break die because

blood flow is disrupted

In the hypertrophy zone of the epiphyseal plates, the chondrocytes are…

going through mitosis

divide to produce osteoblasts

osteogenic cells

the internal callus is made up of…

cartilage

Which hormone stimulates osteoclasts

parathyroid hormone

Resistance training will…

increase bone mass and strength

….. are the bony filaments in cancellous bone

trabecular

The canal that carries blood vessels betwen osteons is called a

perforating canal

cytoplasmic processes of different osteocytes are in contact through …

canaliculi

What is the correct order of events in endochonndral ossification?

Center of cartilage model becomes calcified → blood vessels invade calcified cartilage → primary ossification center forms

Where will you find osteoblasts

in the periosteum

Why is osteoporosis something that is seen in astronauts after long periods of time in space

Low gravity means less stress on bones

Which of the following is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spin:

Metabolic kyphosis

Pregnancy lordosis

Neuromuscular scoliosis

Neuromuscular scoliosis

An exxageteated primary curvature of the thoracic region is called

kyphosis

What is the function of an osteoclast

Reabsorption of bone matrix

Which of the following terms describes a fracture where one bone part is driven into another
--reduced
--oblique
--impacted
--greenstick

impacted

Which of the following exercises would be the best for Aunt Flora, who is recovering from hip surgery following a diagnosis of osteoporosis?
--water aerobics
--boxing
--walking
--rock climbing

walking

What is the correct order of events in the healing of a fractured bone?

Fracture hematoma → formation of internal and external calli → osteoclasts resorb dead bone → trabeculae replace the calli → bone remodeling

What are lacunae?
--Tiny tunnels that connect osteocytes
-- Spaces in which osteocytes sit
--Rings of bone that make up trabeculae
-- The rods of bone that make up cancellous bone

Spaces in which osteocytes sit

What is the concern for a child's bone that is broken at the epiphyseal plate?

Growth of that bone will not be normal.

What type of fracture is this?

communited

Which type of bone tissue forms the superficial layer of all bones?

compact

The membrane around the outside of all bones is the ___

periosteum

Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that often presents with which of the following?

Scoliosis

Lordosis can be described as __

An exaggerated lumbar curvature

What forms between the broken bone pieces that holds them together while they heal?

Callus

Calcium's homeostatic importance to the body is primarily _

To function in numerous metabolic activities (muscle contraction, blood coagulation)

Biphosphonate drugs such as Fosamax, Actonel, and Boniva all inhibit osteoclasts. Why are these effective at treating osteoporosis?

Because they reduce further breakdown of bone.

Which of the following exaggerates the secondary lumbar curvature of the spine?

Pregnancy lordosis

A greenstick fracture is one where

the bone does not break all the way through.

Bones in adults can be made thicker by

osteoblasts producing new bone under the periosteum.

Which of the following statements regarding the role of calcitonin is FALSE?
--it increases absorption of calcium from the digestive system
--it inhibits osteoclasts
--it decreases blood calcium levels
--it promotes bone density

it increases absorption of calcium from the digestive system

The tissue that holds a syndesmosis together is

an interosseous membrane.

Which of the following is an example of a temporary synchondrosis?

Epiphyseal plate

Moving your ankle so that your toes point superiorly is _.

Dorsiflexion

A joint with some, but limited mobility is a(n) _.

amphiarthrosis

Moving the jaw anteriorly is an example of _.

Protraction

Hyaline cartilage holds _ together

Synchrondroses

A joint that is immovable is known as this type of joint

synarthrotic

Which form of arthritis is the most common?

Osteoarthritis

Flexion and extension of the wrist is part of the …

chicken dance

affects the reason ace of your voice

Paranasal sinuses

This type of injury occurs where ligaments are stretched or torn

Sprain

What is an example of an overuse injury

Tendonitis

If you were to kneel down from a standing position, what type of movement would be occurring at your knee joints?

Flexion

What kind of joint is found only in the mouth?
-- Gomphosis
-- Synovial
-- Synchondrosis
-- Suture

Gomphosis

Improper fusion of the maxilla results in what condition?

Cleft palate