The Cultural Landscape Chapter 1: Thinking Geographically (copy)

Erosion

________ occurs when the silk washes away in the rain or blows away in the wind.

Ibn Battutah

________ wrote Rihlah " (Travel) "based on 3 decades of journeys covering more than 120000 kilometers through the Muslim world of northern Africa, southern Europe, and much of Asia.

Chess

________ and computer games, where pieces are placed on a grid- shaped playing surface, require thinking about space.

Agriculture

________ is a term for the growing of living material at a much larger scale than in a test tube.

GPS systems

________ divide degrees into decimal fractions rather than minutes and seconds.

Phei Hsiu

________,"the father of Chinese cartography "produced an elaborate map of the country in AD 267.

Transportation systems

________ also form networks that connect places to each other.

Earth

________ is very nearly a sphere and therefore is accurately represented in the form of a globe.

Eratosthenes

________ was the first person of record to use the word geography.

Modern technology

________ has altered the historic relationship between people and the environment.

spatial interaction

When places are connected to each other through a network, geographers say there is ________ between them.

Humans

________ have limited tolerance for extreme temperature and precipitation levels and this avoid living in places that are too hot, too cold, too wet, or too dry.

Greek Ptolemy

The ________ wrote an eight- volume Guide to Geography.

Thales

________ applied principles of geometry to measuring land area.

Human actions

________ can deplete scarce environmental resources, destroy irreplaceable resources, and use resources inefficiently.

Aristotle

________ was the first to demonstrate that Earth was spherical.

Contemporary Geography

________ is the scientific study of the location of people and activities across Earth and the reasons for distribution.

al Idrisi

The Muslim geographer ________ prepared a world map and geography text in 1154 building on Ptolemys long- neglected work.

GIS

________ is more efficient for making a map than pen and ink.

toponym

A(n) ________ is a name given to a place on Earth.

thin interface

Soil, the material that forms on Earth's surface, is the ________ between the air and the rocks.

scale

The ________ is the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole.

Geographers

________ document the location of nodes and the process by which diffusion carries things elsewhere over time.

Latitude

________ and longitude are used together to identify locations.

global economy

People are plugged into a(n) ________ and culture, producing a world that is more uniform, integrated, and interdependent.

Situtation

________ also helps us understand the importance of a location.

value of GIS

The ________ extends beyond the ability to make complex maps more easily.

Diffusion

________ is the process by which a characteristic spreads across space from one place to another over time.

polder

A(n) ________ is a piece of land that is created by draining water from an area.

particular location

The climate of a(n) ________ influences human activities, especially the production of the food needed to survive.

Physical geography studies

________ where and why natural forces occur.

GPS

On land, ________ detects a vehicles current position and gives instructions on how to reach the destination.

Topographic maps

________ show remarkable detail of physical features and cultural features.

GIScience

________ is made possible by satellites in orbit above Earth sending info to electronic devices on Earth to record and interpret information.

Remote sensing

________ satellites scan Earths surface and its images are transmitted in digital form to a receiving station on Earth.

shape of an area

The ________ can be distorted so that it appears more elongated or squat than in reality.

Culture

________ also refers to small living organisms, such as those found under a microscope or in your yogurt.

Maps

________ can also be used as a communication tool.

Globalization

________ means that the scale of the world is shrinking- not literally in size, but in the ability of a person, object, or idea to interact with a person, object, or idea in another place.

Ethnicity

________ encompasses a groups language, religion, and other cultural values, as well as its physical characteristics.

Asia

Countries in Africa, ________, and Latin America contain three- fourths of the worlds population and nearly all of its population growth, but they find themselves on a periphery, or outer edge, of global investment that arrives through hierarchical diffusion of decisions made by transnational corporations through hierarchical diffusion.

Ptolemy

After ________, little progress in mapmaking or geographical thought was made in Europe for several centuries.

acquisition of data

The ________ about Earths surface from a satellite orbiting Earth or from other long- distance methods is known as remote sensing.

Relocation diffusion

________ helps us understand the distribution of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) within the United States.

raw materials

In a global culture and economy, transportation and communications systems rapidly diffuse ________, goods, services, and capital from nodes of origin to other regions.

basic principles of mapmaking

He codified the ________ and prepared numerous maps.

Royal Observatory

The meridian that passes through the ________ at Greenwich England is 0 degrees longitude, also called the prime meridian.

particular characteristic

A place is a specific point on Earth distinguished by a(n) ________.

Situation

________ is the location of a place relative to other places.

different kinds of information

Layers can be compared to show relationships among ________.

Example

Geographers are interested in the location of McDonald's restaurants around the world, not just around a U.S. interstate exit

The key to GIS is geocoding

The position of any object on Earth can be measured and recorded with mathematical precision and then stored in a computer

Place

Unique Location of a Feature

The position that something occupies on Earths surface, and in doing so consider four ways to identify location

place name, site, situation, and mathematical location

FORMAL REGION

a formal region also called a uniform region or homogeneous region, is an area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics

FUNCTIONAL REGION

a functional region, also called a nodal region, is an area organized around a node or focal point

VERNACULAR REGION

a vernacular region, or perceptual region, is a place that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity

Forest Biome

Trees form a continuous canopy over the ground, and grasses and shrubs may grow beneath the cover

Savanna Biome

The trees do not form a continuous canopy, and the resultant lack of shade allows grass to grow

Grassland Biome

Land is covered by grass rather than trees, few trees grow in the region because of low precipitation