Vertebral Column

There are 5 sections of the vertebral column, what are they called?

Cervical

Thoracic

Lumbar

Sacral

Caudal/coccygeal

All species have ____ no of cervical vertebral bones?

7

Horses have ___ no of thoracic vertebral bones

18/19 (depending on breed)

What are the nucleus pulposus function?

shock absorption

What are the atypical bones in cervical vertebral bones?

C1 and C2 (atlas and axis)

what does atlas not have?

Spinous process

Axis has a 2nd body, what is it called?

long dens

what forms the neural arch?

Lamina and pendicile

What characterisitc are there of the thoracic vertebrae?

Short body

Long spinous process

reduced transverse process

What thoracic vertebrae is the anticlinial vertebrae?

T11

What characteristics define lumbar vertebrae?

Longer bodies

large transverse process

Why does the sacrum joints have no movement?

S1-3 all fused tgt

what is the meeting point btw costal cartilage and bony part of rib?

Costal-chondral junction

what part of rib articulates with costal fovea?

Head

What does costotranverse ligament joint tgt?

Tubercule of rib to transverse process of vertebrae

what does intercapitular ligament join tgt?

the heads on both sides of the rib

what does dorsal longitudinal ligament joint tgt?

Dorsal spinous processes to eo

Ehat is the difference btw nuchal ligament in dogs vs horse?

In horse: Nuchal ligament is extensive, has 2 parts (funicular and laminar)

In dogs: cord like structure. Simple ligament

Where does funicular part of nuchal ligament attach to?

Nuchal crest of occipital bone

Where is the atlantal bursa?

Space btw ligament and bone

what movement does the atlanto-occipital joint allow?

Limited to flexion and extension

what movement does the atlanto-axial joint allow?

ONLY lateral rotation

what are epaxial muscles?

Muscles abv transverse process

what are hypaxial muscles?

Muscles below transverse process

What are the different groups of epaxial muscles?

transversospinalis (closest to spine)

longissimus (middle)

illiocostalis (closest to rib)

what are the accessory inspirators?

Serratus Ventralis

Serratus dorsalis cranialis

Scalenus

Rectus thoracis

intercostal muscles

What are accessory expirators?

Serratus dorsalis caudalis

Ext abdominal oblique

transversus throracis muscle