Anatomy unit 2 Review

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Epidermis

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49 Terms

1

Epidermis

The uppermost layer of skin, made of stratified squamous epithelium, continuously renewed with new layers pushed to the surface.

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2

Dermis

The middle layer of skin, composed of dense connective tissue, containing collagen, elastic fibers, blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, and glands.

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3

Hypodermis

The lowest layer of skin, consisting of loose connective tissue and fat, not directly connected to the skin.

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4

Protection

One of the skin's functions, providing a barrier against infection, waterproofing, and reflecting UV radiation.

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5

Sensory

A function of the skin that involves detecting temperature, pressure, touch, and pain through nerve endings.

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6

Thermoregulation

The skin's ability to regulate body temperature by preventing heat loss and expelling heat through sweating.

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7

Storage

The function of the skin that involves storing adipose tissue for energy and thermal regulation.

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8

Secretion

The process by which skin glands, such as sebaceous and sudiferous glands, release substances like oil and sweat.

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9

Communication

The skin's role in conveying information through pheromones and visual signals, such as raised hackles.

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10

Melanin

The pigment produced by melanocytes in the epidermis, responsible for skin color and UV radiation reflection.

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11

Arrector pili muscle

A muscle that contracts to pull hair upright, causing goosebumps.

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12

Keratin

A protein in the skin that provides waterproofing.

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13

Nail root

The part of the nail from which it grows.

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14

Hair follicles

Structures in the dermis where hair forms.

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15

Vasodilation

The process of blood vessel dilation, where muscles around the vessel enlarge to increase blood flow.

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16

Vasoconstriction

The process of blood vessel constriction, where muscles around the vessel tighten to decrease blood flow.

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17

Cycloid scales

Thin, large, round/oval fish scales with overlapping growth rings, found in species like salmon and trout.

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18

Ctenoid scales

Fish scales with spines or comb-like teeth on the edges, found in perches and sunfishes.

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19

Placoid scales

Spiny, tooth-like projections found in cartilaginous fish like sharks and rays.

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20

Ganoid scales

Bony fish scales covered with an enamel-like substance, found in gars and bowfin.

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21

Respiration

A unique role of the skin in amphibians, allowing for gas exchange.

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22

Scales

Adaptations in reptiles that help retain water and provide waterproofing.

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23

Preen gland

A gland in birds that secretes oil to maintain feathers and skin.

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24

Feather anatomy

Components of a feather, including vane, leading edge, trailing edge, quill, shaft, and afterfeather.

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25

Structural colors

One of the ways birds express color, along with melanin, psittacofulvins, porphyrins, carotenoids, and spheniscins.

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26

Guard hair

Coarse, long, and stiff hair in mammals that provides waterproofing.

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27

Tactile hair

Whiskers that are thick, protrude, and are surrounded by nerves, mainly found on the face.

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28

Wool hair

Soft, insulating hair that forms the innermost coat of mammals.

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29
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30

digital pads

covers distal interphalangeal joint

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31

metacarpal pads

covers phalangeal metacarpal joint

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32

carpal pad

distal to the carpal bones, stop pad

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33

different functions of the skin

protection, sensory, storage, secretion, communication, production

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34

shape of sudiferous gland vs shape of sebaceous gland

sudiferous: coiled, sebaceous: clump/sac

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35

shape of epidermis

stratified squamous epithelium (flattened)

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36

what is found in the dermis

collagen elastic, blood, nerves, hair follicles, glands

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37

which is the thickest layer of the skin

dermis

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38

what is found in the hypodermis

loose connective tissue (fat), elastic fibers

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39

what do sudiferous glands do

secrete sweat

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40

what do sebaceous glands do

secrete sebum (oil)

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41

location of sudiferous glands

depends on species

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42

what does sebum/oil do?

waterproofing/antiseptic, influence behavior and help with communication

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43

what are the accessory organs of the integumentary system

nais/claws, hair/fur, glands, foot pads

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44

where are hair follicles found

the dermis

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45

why does vasodilation/vasoconstriction occur?

to regulate the bodies temperature/blood flow

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46

how do reptile scales differ from fish scales

reptile scales form in the epidermis and fish scales form in the dermis

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47

leading edge vs. trailing edge of feather

leading: first part to cut through air when flying, usually shorter and stronger

trailing: behind leading edge, follows path of leading edge, longer and less stiff

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48

ways birds express color

structural colors, melanin, psittacofulvins, porphyrins, carotenoids, spheniscins

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49

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