BIO 102 Lab Quiz 3 (Professor Fernandez)

sponges phylum

Porifera.

sessile

organisms that are fixed in one place and do not move.

What type of symmetry do Porifera demonstrate?

Asymmetry.

What is a choanocyte?

specialized cells in sponges that help in filtering food particles from water.

What is an osculum?

the large opening at the top of a sponge through which water exits.

What is a spicule?

small, spike-like structures found in sponges that provide structural support.

What is a pore in sponges?

small openings in the sponge's body through which water enters.

What is a flagellum?

a whip-like structure that helps in movement and creating water currents in sponges.

What phylum and class does Hydra belong to?

phylum Cnidaria and class Hydrozoa.

What type of symmetry does Hydra demonstrate?

radial symmetry.

What is a tentacle?

elongated, flexible structures that help in capturing prey and sensing the environment in cnidarians.

What is a mouth in Hydra?

the opening through which food enters and waste exits in Hydra.

What is a gastrovascular cavity?

a central digestive compartment in cnidarians where digestion occurs.

What is an epidermis?

the outer layer of cells covering the body of Hydra.

What is an endodermis?

the inner layer of cells lining the gastrovascular cavity in cnidarians.

What is mesoglea?

the gelatinous substance found between the epidermis and endodermis in cnidarians.

What are cnidocytes?

specialized cells in cnidarians that contain nematocysts for capturing prey.

What are nematocysts?

stinging structures within cnidocytes used for defense and capturing prey.

What is the common term for the phylum Nematoda?

roundworms.

What is the most common parasitic roundworm infection in the US?

caused by Enterobius vermicularis, commonly known as pinworm, which usually infects children.

What does Arthropoda mean (literally)?

'jointed legs'.

What are the classes and subphylum mentioned in the lab manual for Arthropoda?

Arachnida (e.g., spiders), Myriapoda (e.g., centipedes), Crustacea (e.g., crabs), and Hexapoda (e.g., insects).

How does a crayfish breathe?

using gills that extract oxygen from water.

How do you identify a male from a female crayfish?

A male is generally bigger with big claws and a narrow tail, while females are smaller and have a broader, wider tail

How do you identify a male from a female grasshopper?

A female is generally larger and have a pointed abdomen, while males are smaller and have a more rounded curved abdomen

What is the function of the tympanum?

It acts as an ear to detect sound vibrations, primarily used for locating mates and avoiding predators

What is the function of the spiracles?

They are used as the main intake and outlet for respirations

List several examples in the phylum Echinodermata?

Starfish, brittle strs, sea urchins, sand dollars and sea cucumbers

What is the function of the madreporite?

It acts as a pressure valve and sometimes filter, which allows seawater to enter the water vascular system

What is the function of the water vascular system?

It helps with movement, feeding, respiration, and sensory perception

What phylum do jellyfish and anemone belong to?

Cnidaria

Which Cnidaria is in polyp form?

Anemone

Which Cnidaria is in medusa form?

Jellyfish

Turbellaria

Non-parasitic (free-living) flatworms, and they possess male and female reproductive organs

Trematoda

AKA flukes and are parasitic

Cestoda

AKA tapeworms and are parasitic

Which flatworms (Platyhelminthes) are parasitic?

Trematoda and Cestoda

What type of symmetry do Platyhelminthes demonstrates?

Bilateral symmetry

What does the eye spot of a flat worm do?

Detect the intensity and direction of light, enabling photoaxis

What does the auricles of a flatworm do?

Primary sensory organ for chemoreception (smell/taste) and mechanoreception (touch)

What does the scolex on a tapeworm do?

It is the head

What do the hooks of a tapeworm do?

They are sued to anchor the parasite firmly to the host’s intestinal wallW

What do the suckers on a tapeworm do?

It is also used to attach and “hold fast” to the host’s intestinal wall

What phylum and class does a clam belong to

Phylum Mollusca and class Bivalvia

What does the Anterior Adductor Muscles do on a clam?

It is used to pull the 2 valves (halves) of a clam’s shell tightly together

What does the umbo of a clam do?

It is the oldest, thickest part of the shell, located near the hinge

What does the mouth of a clam do?

It is the entry point for food particles- such as plankton, bacteria, and organic matter- that have been filtered from the water by the gills

What do the labial palps of a clam do?

It is a flap-like structure surrounding the mouth that sorts food collected by the gills

What do the visceral mass of a clam do?

It is the central body area containing digestive and reproductive organs

What does the shell of a clam do?

It acts as a protective exoskeleton, safeguarding its soft body from predators and harsh environments

What does the mantle of a clam do?

It is a thin tissue layer lining the shell, responsible for secreting new shell material

What do the gills of a clam do?

It is used for both respiration and trapping food particles from water

What does the foot of a clam do?

It is a hatchet-shaped organ used for digging into sediment

What is a cephalopod literal term?

Head foot (squid)

What is a gastropods literal term?

Stomach foot (snails)

What phylum does an earthworm belong to?

Annelida

What does the pharynx of an earth worm do?

It is a tube used to suck in soil and food

What does the esophagus of an earthworm do?

Connects the pharynx to the crop

What does the brain of an earthworm do?

Processes sensory input (light, vibration, chemicals, touch), and controls feeding, movement, and navigation via a ventral nerve cord

What do the hearts do in an earthworm?

It is used to pump blood throughout the worm’s closed circulatory system to ensure all tissues receive oxygen and nutrients

What does the crop of an earthworm do?

stores food temporarily

What does the gizzard of an earthworm do?

grinds food, particularly soil, into smaller pieces

What does the ventral nerve cord of an earthworm do?

white, thread-like structureW running along the bottom (ventral) side

What does the clitellum of an earthworm do?

It is used to secrete mucus and albumen to form and protect cocoon for fertilized eggs

What does the seminal vesicles of an earthworm do?

Large white lobed organs that produce sperm

What does the seminal receptacles of an earthworm do?

smaller, white, spherical organ that stores sperm from other worms

common term for the phylum Nematoda

Roundworms

Most common parasitic roundworm infection in the US

pinworm

How does a crayfish breath?

Use feather-like gills located in chambers beneath their carapace (shell) on both sides of the body