Chem ch. 6 & 7

gases move ___ and ___

randomly and rapidly

size of gas particles is ____

negligible

gases exert no ____ _____

attraction forces

kinetic energy ___ with temp

increases

high temp

more energy

low temp

low energy

volume

how much space (L)

pressure

how many impacts

1 atmosphere =

760. torr

pressure =

force/ area

boyles law

pressure x volume = constant (p x v =k)

charles law

volume/ temperature = constant (v/t + k)

gay -lusscas law

p1 v1/ t1 = p2 v2/ t2

pure substances

elements, covalent compounds, ionic compounds

heterogeneous mixture

does not have uniform composition- not same top to bottom

homogeneous mixture

uniform composition throughout- same all the way through

solution

liquid form of homogenous mixture- solute + solvent = solution

solute

substance present in lesser amount- less mass

solvent

substance present in a larger amount- more mass

aqueous solution

has water as the solvent

colloid

homogeneous mixture with larger particles

suspension

heterogeneous mixture that contains large particles suspended in liquid

electrolyte

substance that conducts electric current in water (ionic and dissolves in water)

non- electrolyte

does not conduct electric current in water (dissolves in water but does not conduct electricity)

solubility

how much dissolves in 100 mL solvent

saturated

the max capacity- cant dissolve any more into the solution

unsaturated

contains less than the max number of grams of solute that can dissolve

super saturated solution

more than predicted max amount of solute at a given temp

henrys law

the higher the pressure the higher the solubility of gas in solvent

percentages

solute dissolved in 100 units of solution

dilution

addition of solvent to decrease concentration of solute

semipermeable membrane

membrane that surrounds living cells- allows water and small molecules to pass

osmosis

low solute concentration to high solute concentration

osmotic pressure

pressure that prevents flow of additional solvent into solution on one side of semipermeable membrane

isotonic solutions

solutions with same osmotic pressure

hypotonic solution

concentration lower outside the cell than inside

hypertonic solution

concentration of particles outside is higher than concentration inside

dialysis

water, small molecules and ions can pass through the semipermeable membrane

gay lussac

pressure and temperature

charles law

volume and temperature

boyles law

volume and pressure

avogadros

amount of gas a volume