Childhood Disorders: ADHD & CD

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts related to Childhood Disorders, including ADHD and Conduct Disorder, for exam preparation.

Delinquent

Criminal acts committed by minors.

Juvenile Offenders

Delinquents who have been charged with a crime.

Juvenile detention center

Prison for delinquents.

Neurodivergent

Refers to the idea that neurological differences, such as ADHD, are natural variations in the human brain, contributing to the diversity of human experience with strengths and limitations.

DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)

A classification system used by mental health professionals to diagnose and categorize mental health conditions.

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)

Categorized as a neurodevelopmental disorder in DSM, characterized by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Neurotype (ADHD)

Refers to ADHD being caused by brain differences, mainly due to lower levels of dopamine & norepinephrine and differences in brain structure, particularly in the pre-frontal cortex (PFC).

Prevalence (ADHD)

5-7% of children globally; 50% often have another diagnosis as well.

Pre-frontal cortex (PFC)

A brain structure with differences noted in individuals with ADHD.

Inattention (ADHD symptom)

Symptoms include being easily distracted, problems with focus, difficulty following instructions and organization, and forgetfulness; not correlated with delinquency.

Hyperactivity (ADHD symptom)

Symptoms include being restless, fidgeting in seat, talking excessively, climbing/running where inappropriate, and inability to play quietly; in older teens/adults, it could present as mental restlessness.

Impulsivity (ADHD symptom)

Symptoms include blurting out answers, trouble waiting turn, interrupting/intruding on others, taking things without permission, and engaging in dangerous activities due to not thinking about risks.

Inattentive type (ADHD)

One of the three types of ADHD, formerly known as ADD.

Hyper-impulsive type (ADHD)

One of the three types of ADHD.

Combined type (ADHD)

One of the three types of ADHD, exhibiting symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity.

Conduct Disorder (CD)

A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others are violated, categorized as a disruptive disorder in DSM.

Aggression to people and animals (CD criterion)

A diagnostic criterion for Conduct Disorder.

Destruction of property (CD criterion)

A diagnostic criterion for Conduct Disorder.

Deceitfulness or theft (CD criterion)

A diagnostic criterion for Conduct Disorder.

Serious violations of rules (CD criterion)

A diagnostic criterion for Conduct Disorder.

Callous-Unemotional (CU) traits

Specific traits that can characterize a type of Conduct Disorder, including lack of remorse or guilt, lack of empathy, being unconcerned about performance, and having shallow or deficient affect.

CD without CU

A type of Conduct Disorder characterized by being very emotional, exhibiting reactive aggression, and needing to read emotional information.

CD with CU

A type of Conduct Disorder characterized by not being emotional, not being responsive to punishment, and being motivated by rewards.

Life Course Persistent Offenders

Individuals whose early-onset behavioral issues (untreated ADHD/CD) are key predictors of a life-course-persistent criminal trajectory.

Moffitt's Theory on Life-Course Persistent Offenders

A theory suggesting that early-onset behavioral issues (specifically untreated ADHD/CD) are crucial predictors of individuals following a persistent criminal trajectory throughout their lives.