OIA

Trapezius origin and Insertion

O: Occipital bone (medial 1/3rd of superior nuchal line), Ligament nuchae, EOP, SPs of C7 to T12

I: Lateral 3rd of the clavicle acromion and spine of scapula

Trapezius Action

Upper fibers: Elevation of scapula, extension, and contralateral rotation of head, and ipsilateral side flexion

Middle Fibers: Retraction of scapula

Lower fibers: Depression of scapula

Lower & Upper fibers: Upward rotation of scapula

Rhomboid Minor Origin and Insertion

O: SPs of certical and thoracic vertebra C7-T1

I: Vertebral border of scapula and medial end of spine

Rhomboid Major Origin and Insertion

O: Sps of T2-T5

I: Vertebral border of scapula and root of spine to inferior angle

Rhomboids Action

Retraction, Downward rotation, and elevation

Levator Scapula Origin and Insertion

O: Posterior tubercles of TPs C1-C4

I: Superior part of medial border of scapula (superior to the root)

Levator Scapula Action

Elevates scapula and rotates the scapula downward, neck ipsilateral SF, and together neck extension

Serratus Anterior Origin and Insertion

O: External lateral surfaces of ribs 1-8

I: Anterior surface of vertebral medial border of scapula

Serratus Anterior Actions

Scapular Protraction, upward rotation, and scapular depression

Subclavius Origin and Insertion

O: 1st rib (junction of the rib with its cartilage)

I: Inferior border of clavicle middle 1/3

Subclavius Action

Depresses and stablizes the clavicle

Latissimus Dorsi Origin and Insertion

O: SPs of T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, illiac crest, and inferior 3-4 ribs

I: Floor fo intertubercular groove of the humerus

Latissimus Dorsi Actions

Shoulder Extension, Adduction, and IR

Pectoralis Major Origin and Insertion

O: Sternal costal: Anterior sternum, 1-6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique

Clavicular: medial ½ clavicle

I: Lateral lip of intertubercular groove

Pectoralis Major Action

Both Heads:

Scapula: Depression, downward rotation, and protraction

Shoulder: Adduction, IR, and HADD

Sternal head: Shoulder extension from flexed position

Clavicular head: shoulder flexion from extended postion

Pectorialis Minor Origin and Insertion

O: Ribs 3-5 near costal cartilages

I: Coracoid Process of scapula

Pectoralis Minor Actions

Depression, Protraction, and downward rotation

Deltoid Origin and Insertion

O: Anterior: lateral 1/3 clavicle

Middle: Acromion

Posterior: Spine of Scapula)

I: Deltoid Tuberosity

Deltoid Actions

Anterior fibers: Abduction, flexion, horizontal adduction, and internal rotation

Middle fibers: abduction

Posterior fibers: abduction,extension, horizontal abduction, and external rotation

Supraspinatus Origin and Insertion

O: Supraspinous fossa

I: Superior aspect of greater tubercle

Supraspinatus action

Initiates and assists deltoid in abduction first 15 degrees and stabilization of humeral head in glenoid fossa

Infraspinatus Origin and Insertion

O: Infraspinous fossa

I: Middle part of greater tubercle

Infraspinatus action

shoulder external rotation, stablization of humeral head in glenoid fossa, and horizontal abduction

Teres Minor Origin and Insertion

O: middle part of lateral border of scapula (superior to teres major)

I: inferior part of greater tubercle

Teres Minor actions

Shoulder external rotation, adduction, horizontal abduction, stablization of humeral head in the glenoid fossa

Teres Major Origin and Insertion

O: Dorsal (posterior) surface of inferior angle of scapula

I: medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus

Teres major Action

Shoulder extension, internal rotation, and adduction

Subscapularis Origin and Insertion

O: Subscapular fossa of scapula

I: Lesser Tubercle

Subscapularis action

Shoulder internal rotation, adduction, and stabilization of the humeral head in glenoid fossa

Coracobrachialis Origin and Insertion

O: Tip of Coracoid Process of scapula

I: Middle third of medial surface of hummerus

Coracobrachialis action

Flexion and adduction

Scapula Elevation Primary Mover

Upper Trapezius

Scapular Elecation Synergistic Mover

Rhomboids, levator scapula, serratus anterior, and trapezius

Scapualr Depression primary mover

Lower Trapezius

Scapualr Depression Synergistic Mover

Pectoralis major (sternocostal head), Latissimus dorsi, serratus anterior, pectoralis minor

Scapular protraction Primary mover

Serratus anterior

Scapular protraction synergistic mover

Pectoralis minor and major

Scapular retraction primary mover

Middle trapezius and rhomboids

Scapular retraction synergistic mover

Latissimus dorsi, upper and lower trap, and levator scapula

Scapular upward rotation primary mover

Trapezius (upper and lower)

Scapular upward rotation synergistic mover

serratus anterior, and middle trap

Scapular downward rotation primary mover

Rhomvoids and levator scapula

Scapular downward roation synergistic mover

Pectoralis minor, pectoralis major (sternocostal head), and latissimus dorsi

Brachilais Origin and Insertion

O: Distal half of anterior surface of humerus

I: Coronoid process and tuberoisty of ulna

Brachialis action

main flexor of the forearm

Biceps Brachii Origin and Insertion

O: Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula and intertubercular groove under the transverse humeral ligament

Short head: coracoid process of scapula

I: Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis

Biceps Brachii actions

weak flexion of shoulder joint, flexion of elbow when forearm supinated, supination of forearm

Triceps Origin and Insertion

O: Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Lateral Head: Posterior humerus, superior to radial groove

Medial Head: Posterior humerus, inferior to radial groove

I:Proximal end of olecranon of ulna & fascia of the forearm

Triceps actions

All heads: extension of the elbow

Long head: extension of the shoulder joint and adduction of the shoulder joint

Anconeus Origin and Insertion

O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: Lateral olecranon and posterior surface of ulna

Anconeus Actions

Asssists triceps in elbow extension

Pronator Teres Origin and Insertion

O: Humeral head: medial epicondyle

Ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna

I: Middle of lateral surface of radius

Pronator Teres Action

pronation of forearm and weak flexion of elbow

Flexor Carpi Radialis Origin and Insertion

O: medial epicondule

I: bases of 2nd & 3rd metacarpal on palmar side

Flexor Carpi Radialis action

pronation, flexion of wrist, and radial deviation of wrist

Palmaris Longus Origin and Insertion

O: Medial epicondyle

I: palmar aponeurosis, flexor retinaculum

Palmaris Longus action

flexion of wrist and pronation

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Origin and Insertion

O: Humeral head: medial epicondyle

Ulnar head: olecranon and posterior ulna

I: Pisiform, hamate, base of 5th metacarpal

Flexor Carpi ulnaris actions

flexion of wrist and Ulnar deviation of wrist with ECU muscle

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Origin and Insertion

O: Humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle and coronoid process of ulna

Radial head: anterior radius

I: Shaft (bodies) of middle phalanges 2-5 digits

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Action

flexion of wrist and flexion of fingers at MCP and PIP joints 2-5 digits

Flexor Digitorum profundus Origin and Insertion

O: Anterior ulna and interosseus membrane

I: Bases of distal phalanges 2-5 digits

Flexor digitorum profundus actions

weak flexion of wrist and flexion of 4 fingers at MCP, PIP, DIP joints

Flexor Pollicis Longus Origin and Insertion

O: Anterior radial shaft and interosseus membrane

I: Base of distal phalanx of thumb

Flexor Pollicis Longus action

flexion of the wrist and flexion of thumb in CMC, MCP, IP joints

Pronator Quadratus Origin and Insertion

O: Distal 4th quarter of anterior surface of ulna

I: Distal 4th of anterolateral surface distal radius

Pronator Quadratus action

pronation of forearm

Brachioradialis Origin and Insertion

O: Lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus

I: Distal radius above the styloid process

Brachioradialis action

flexion of elbow and weak pronation of forearm

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Origin and Insertion

O: Lateral supra epicondylar ridge

I: Dorsal base of 2nd metacarpal

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Action

Extension of wrist, radial deviation, and supination

Extensor carpi radialis Brevis Origin and Insertion

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: Dorsal base 3rd metacarpal

Extensor carpi radialis brevis action

Extension of wrist and radial deviation of wrist

Extensor Digitorum Origin and Insertion

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: Posterior surfaces phalanges 2-5 (extensor expansions)

Extensor Digitorum action

Extension of 2-5 phalanges at MCP, PIP, DIP joints, and extension of wrist

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Origin and Insertion

O: lateral epicondyle, posterior border of ulna

I: Base of 5th metacarpal bone (dorsal aspect)

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris action

Ulnar deviation of wrist and extension of wrist

Extensor digiti minimi Origin and Insertion

O: lateral epicondyle of humerus

I: posterior proximal phalanx (extensor expansion of 5th)

Extensor digiti minimi action

extension of little finger at MCP, PIP, DIP joints and extension of wrist

Extensor Indicis Origin and Insertion

O: Posterior ulna & interosseus membrane

I: Posterior surface proximal phalanx index finger (extensor expansion of 2nd digit)

Extensor Indicis action

Extension of index finger at MCP, PIP, DIP joints and weak wrist extension

Supinator Origin and Insertion

O: Lateral epicondyle humerus and supinator crest

I: Proximal anterolateral & posterior radius

Supinator action

Supination of forearm

Abductor Pollicis Longus Origin and Insertion

O: Proximal dorsal surfaces of ulna, radius and interosseus membrane

I: Lateral aspect of base of 1st metacarpal

Abductor Pollicis Longus action

Abduction and extension of thumb, weak assist with wrist FLX and RD

Extensor Pollicis Longus Origin and Insertion

O: Posterior surface of ulna and interosseus membrane

I: Distal Phalanx of thumb

Extensor Pollicis Longus action

extension of thumb, assists with wrist extension, and assists with forearm supination

Extensor Pollicis Brevis Origin and Insertion

O: posterior 1/3 distal radius and interosseous membrane

I: Proximal phalanx of thumb

Extensor pollicis brevis action

extension of thumb and assists with wrist EXT

Thenar emience

Abductor pollicis brevis, opponens pollicis, flexor pollicis brevis, adductor pollicis

Hypothenar eminence

Abductor digiti minimi, flexor digiti minimi brevis, opponens digiti minimi

Interossei is between

metacarpal bones

Dorsal interossei muscles (4) Origin and Insertion

O: bipennate and arise by 2 adjacent opposing 2 metacarpal bones

I: Base of proximal phalanx 2-4 into extensor expansion

Dorsal interossei action

Abducts the fingers from a line bisecting the long axis of the 3rd digit and assists lumbricals in MCP flexion plus PIP and DIP EXT

Palmar Interossei (3) Origin and Insertion

O: Arise from the palmar surfaces of the metacarpals of 2,4,5

I: Extensor expansions of the digits 2,4,5

Palmar Interossei action

Adduct the fingers at the MCP joints and assist lumbricals MCP flx and PIP and DIP EXT

Lumbricals Origin and Insertion

O: Palm of hand on tendons of Flexor Digitorum profundus

I: Extensor Expansions

Lumbricals action

flex the MCP joints and extend IP joints

How many lumbricals are in the hand?

1st and 2nd : Unipennate

3rd and 4th Bipennate

How many lumbricals are there total in the body?

16