Earth and Physical Sciences HON Midterm

What force draws the matter in an interstellar cloud together to form a star?

Gravity

What is the sequence of the Nebular Theory (how a star is made)?

1. A cloud of gas and dust formed between two stars

2. Cloud pulled together to form a large, tightly packed, spinning disk

3. Center of the disk heated to about 15 million degrees Celsius

4. Nuclear fusion began and the Sun formed at the center of the Solar System

5. Extra matter came together to form a small planet-like objects

6. Planetesimals smashed together to form protoplanets

The Big Bang Theory states that all matter in the universe was once condensed into a point called a…

Singularity

What is our solar system called? What type of shape is it?

The Milky Way Galaxy, Spiral Shape

Persistent noise discovered in 1965 that is caused by weak radiation from space is referred to as…

Cosmic background radiation

According to scientists, most of the universe is made up of…

dark energy

Which color from the visible light region of the electromagnetic spectrum has the shortest wavelength?

blue

An object moving towards you would display what phenomena

blueshift

Electromagnetic waves can…

Travel at the speed of light, transfer energy, travel through space

Which sentence explains how frequency and wavelength of electromagnetic waves are related

As wavelength decreases, frequency increases

What is a wavelength

the distance from one wave to the next

Which outcome describes a universe that stops expanding and begins to contract

Closed universe

Epicenter

A spot on the Earths surface directly above the origin of the earthquake

Fault

Any break in the Earth's crust along which rocks move

Focus

The spot within the Earth where the earthquake originates

P Waves

Fastest moving wave that squeeze and push rocks as they travel

S Waves

The second set of waves felt after an earthquake that move particles up and down

Seismic Waves

Vibrations produced during an earthquake released in the form of energy

Surface Waves

Slowest types of waves that move particles both sideways and up and down

In which order would you expect to experience the following waves as an earthquake hits

P, S, Surface

Movement occurs a long rocks when…

Stress overcomes the strength of the rocks involved

The stress which causes material to slide past each other in opposite directions is known as…

Shear

The stress which causes material to pull apart is known as

Tension

This is caused when material is compressed, bent, or stretched but will return back to its original form when the stress is released

Elastic Deformation

When stress build up past a certain point and the strain is permanent, rocks undergo what we call…

Plastic Deformation

Finding coal in Antarctica indicates that the continent once had…

been part of Africa

Glossopteris is a … fossil that helped support Wegener’s hypothesis of continental drift when he found it in five different climates.

Land reptile

Similar rock formation were found on either side of…

The Atlantic Ocean

Many early cartographers thought Earth’s continents had moved based on…

Matching coastlines

Continental drift was not widely accepted when it was first proposed because…

Wegener could not explain how or why the continents moved

Earth’s continents were once joined as a single landmass called…

Pangaea

In the 1940’s, sonar technology found that the ocean floor…

Had areas of high mountains and had areas of deep trenches

What evidence did Wegener have to support the continental drift hypothesis

Matching of continental coastlines, correlation of fossils among the continents, mountain range matching among the continents

Continental-continental plate collisions produce

very tall mountain ranges

Which type of boundary is likely to produce a volcanic island arc

oceanic-oceanic convergent boundary

At an oceanic-continental convergent boundary…

the oceanic crust subducts because is it more dense

Oceanic-oceanic convergent boundary…

As the plates collide the older crust subducts because it is more dense, deep sea trenches form, the Mariana Trench is a deep sea trench

Oceanic-Continental convergent boundary…

The oceanic crust subducts because it is more dense and water mixes with magma making the magma less dense so it rises, volcanoes, mountains, and trenches form, the Ring of Fire was formed this way

Continental-continental convergent boundary…

As the plates collide they push the rock and crust up, forming mountains, the Himalayan Mountains formed this way