States of Matter and Properties

Flashcards covering the properties of matter, chemical formulas, and related concepts from the lecture notes.

A property of matter that is measured without changing a substance's chemical identity.

Physical Property

A physical property independent of the amount of substance.

Intensive Property

A physical property that depends on the amount of the substance.

Extensive Property

A property of matter measured only by changing the substance's identity.

Chemical Property

Materials that can transmit the flow of energy easily with freely moving electrons.

Electrical Conductors

Materials that prevent the flow of energy by preventing electrons from moving through them.

Electrical Insulators

How easily a material breaks or shatters when force is applied.

Brittleness

Depends on temperature and pressure; substances with smaller, massive atoms close together have higher values.

Density

Ability of a material to be pressed, hammered, or rolled into thin sheets without breaking.

Malleability

Ability of a material to be stretched under stress and converted into thin wires.

Ductility

Ability of a substance to be dissolved (solute) in a given substance (solvent).

Solubility

The temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid into a gas.

Boiling Point

The temperature at which a material changes from solid into a liquid.

Melting Point

The way at which an atom forms a covalent bond; relates to solubility, boiling & melting points, and intermolecular attractions.

Polarity

The tendency of a material to return to its original form or shape after being stretched.

Elasticity

A property of a material that causes gradual destruction by a chemical reaction.

Corrosiveness

Depends on chemical elements present; more carbon generally results in more of this kind of material.

Flammability

Solutions with a greater concentration of hydrogen ions.

Acidity

A substance's tendency to undergo a chemical reaction and release energy.

Reactivity

NaCl

Sodium Chloride

HCl

Hydrochloric acid

H2SO4

Sulfuric Acid

C12H22O11

Sugar

NH3

Ammonia

CH4

Methane

CaCO3

Calcium Carbonate

O2

Oxygen gas

H3PO4

Phosphoric Acid

MgO

Magnesium Oxide

NaHCO3

Sodium Bicarbonate

CH3COOH

Acetic Acid

KNO3

Potassium Nitrate

Al2O3

Aluminum Oxide