AOSS Exam 1 EMT

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acute stress reactions

Reaction to stress that occurs during a stressful situation.

airborne transmission

The spread of an organism in aerosol form.

indirect contact

Exposure or transmission of disease from one person to another by contact with a contaminated object

pathogen

A microorganism that is capable of causing disease in a susceptible host.

Channel

An assigned frequency or frequencies that are used to carry voice and/or data communications.

cultural imposition

When one person imposes his or her beliefs, values, and practices on another because he or she believe his or her ideals are superior.

dedicated line

A special telephone line that is used for specific point-to-point communications; also known as a "hotline."

Documentation

The written portion of the EMT's patient interaction. This becomes part of the patient's permanent medical record.

Duplex

The ability to transmit and receive simultaneously.

Ethnocentrism

When a person considers his or her own cultural values as more important when interacting with people of a different culture.

Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

The federal agency that has jurisdiction over interstate and international telephone and telegraph services and satellite communications, all of which may involve EMS activity.

MED channels

VHF and UHF channels that the Federal Communications Commission has designated exclusively for EMS use.

mobile data terminals (MDT)

Small computer terminals inside ambulances that directly receive data from the dispatch center.

Noise

Anything that dampens or obscures the true meaning of a message.

open-ended questions

Questions for which the patient must provide detail to give an answer.

Paging

The use of a radio signal and a voice or digital message that is transmitted to pagers ("beepers") or desktop monitor radios.

patient care report (PCR)

The legal document used to record all patient care activities. This report has direct patient care functions but also administrative and quality control functions. PCRs are also known as prehospital care reports.

Proxemics

The study of space between people and its effects on communication.

Rapport

A trusting relationship that you build with your patient.

Repeater

A special base station radio that receives messages and signals on one frequency and then automatically retransmits them on a second frequency.

Scanner

A radio receiver that searches or "scans" across several frequencies until the message is completed; the process is then repeated.

Simplex

Single-frequency radio; transmissions can occur in either direction but not simultaneously in both; when one party transmits, the other can only receive, and the party that is transmitting is unable to receive.

standing orders

Written documents, signed by the EMS system's medical director, that outline specific directions, permissions, and sometimes prohibitions regarding patient care; also called protocols.

Telemetry

A process in which electronic signals are converted into coded, audible signals; these signals can then be transmitted by radio or telephone to a receiver with a decoder at the hospital.

therapeutic communication

Verbal and nonverbal communication techniques that encourage patients to express their feelings and to achieve a positive relationship.

Trunking

Telecommunication systems that allow a computer to maximize utilization of a group of frequencies.

UHF (ultra-high frequency)

Radio frequencies between 300 and 3,000 MHz.

Abandonment

termination of care by EMT without patient consent or continuing care

termination of care by EMT without patient consent or continuing care

Advance Directive

specifies treatment should the patient become unconscious

Assault

Unlawfully placing person in fear of immediate bodily harm

Battery

Unlawfully touching a person

Consent

Permission to render care

Defamation

Communication of false information that damages reputation of a person

Dependent lividity

blood settling

DNR orders

advance directive that gives permission not to resuscitate

Durable power of attorney for health care

Able to make health care decisions

Duty to act

responsibility to provide patient care

Emancipated minor

Married, in armed services, or parents

Emergency doctrine

principle of implied consent

Expressed consent

Patient acknowledges he or she wants you to provide care or transport

False imprisonment

unauthorized confinement of a person

Good Samaritan Law

legal protection to people who give reasonable assistance to those in need

Gross negligence

**disregard of the need to use reasonable care**

Implied consent

Applies to unconscious or incapable patients

Informed consent

Treatment, risks and benefits have been explained.

Kidnapping

Seizing, confining, abducting, or carrying away by force

Libel

a published false statement

bloodborne pathogens

Pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

The primary federal agency that conducts and supports public health activities in the United States. The CDC is part of the US Department of Health and Human Services.

communicable disease

A disease that can be spread from one person or species to another.

contamination

The presence of infectious organisms or foreign bodies on or in objects such as dressings, water, food, needles, wounds, or a patient's body.

cover and concealment

The tactical use of an impenetrable barrier for protection.

critical incident stress management (CISM)

A process that confronts the responses to critical incidents and defuses them, directing the emergency services personnel toward physical and emotional equilibrium.

cumulative stress reactions

Prolonged or excessive stress.

delayed stress reaction

Reaction to stress that occurs after a stressful situation.

designated officer

The individual in the department who is charged with the responsibility of managing exposures and infection control issues.

direct contact

Exposure or transmission of a communicable disease from one person to another by physical contact.

exposure

A situation in which a person has had contact with blood, body fluids, tissues, or airborne particles in a manner that suggests disease transmission may occur.

foodborne transmission

The contamination of food or water with an organism than can cause disease.

general adaptation syndrome

The body's response to stress that begins with an alarm response, followed by a stage of reaction and resistance, and then recovery or, if the stress is prolonged, exhaustion.

hepatitis

Inflammation of the liver, usually caused by a viral infection, that causes fever, loss of appetite, jaundice, fatigue, and altered liver function.

host

The organism or individual that is attacked by the infecting agent.

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by HIV, which damages the cells in the body's immune system so that the body is unable to fight infection or certain cancers.

immune

The body's ability to protect itself from acquiring a disease.

infection

The abnormal invasion of a host or host tissues by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites, with or without signs or symptoms of disease.

infection control

Procedures to reduce transmission of infection among patients and health care personnel.

infectious disease

a medical condition caused by the growth and spread of small, harmful organisms within the body.

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)

The federal regulatory compliance agency that develops, publishes, and enforces guidelines concerning safety in the workplace.

personal protective equipment (PPE)

Clothing or specialized equipment that provides protection to the wearer.

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A delayed stress reaction to a prior incident. This delayed reaction is often the result of one or more unresolved issues concerning the incident.

standard precautions

Protective measures that have traditionally been developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for use in dealing with objects, blood, body fluids, and other potential exposure risks of communicable disease.

transmission

The way in which an infectious disease is spread: contact, airborne, by vehicles, or by vectors.

vector-borne transmission

The use of an animal to spread an organism from one person, species or place to another.

Base Station

Any radio hardware containing a transmitter and receiver that is located in a fixed place.

cellular telephone

A low-power portable radio that communicates through an interconnected series of repeater stations called "cells."

close-ended questions

Questions that can be answered in short or single word responses.

Communication

The transmission of information to another person—verbally or through body language.

Negligence

Failure to provide same care that person with similar training would provide in same or similar situation

PHI

Protected Health Information

Rigor mortis

stiffening of the body after death

Slander

making a false spoken statement damaging to a person's reputation

EMS Research

The determination that prompt surgical care in the hospital is more important than performing time-consuming procedures in the field on a major trauma patient is based MOSTLY on:

Automated External Defibrillator

Which of the following interventions is used by all levels of EMS providers?

EMS Research

Prehospital patient care decision should be based on _____

Phone or radio contact with the medical director

Online medical control requires______

The EMT is legally obligated to protect a patient's privacy according to \_______

HIPAA

paramedic administers a vaccination

Which of the following is a specific example of the Mobile Integrated Healthcare (MIH) model?

Medical director approval

As an EMT, you may be authorized to administer aspirin to a patient with chest pain based on:

National guidelines for EMS care are intended to \_______

Provide more consistent delivery of EMS care across the United States

Which of the following statements regarding the NREMT is correct?

The NREMT provides a national standard for EMS testing

Evidence-based research

American Heart Association protocols are based on ____

Communication

The ability to understand others and have them understand you is known as _______

The main area in which the EMS agency operates

What is an EMT's primary service area?

Follow the agency's written protocols

What should an EMT do to limit errors in the field?

Patient advocacy

You are encouraging a patient to go to the hospital by ambulance. You know that a transport will keep you on duty several hours after your regular quitting time. This is an example of ____________

A team of health care professionals who are responsible for providing emergency care and transportation to the sick and injured

Which of the following descriptions MOST accurately portrays emergency medical services (EMS)?

The receiving nurse or doctor

You are caring for a driver who struck a light pole. She admits to drinking alcohol but orders you not to tell anyone. You should report the information to _____

EMT

Which of the following courses requires about 150 hours of training?

The ADA prohibits employers from failing to provide full and equal employment to those who are disabled

Which of the following statements regarding the Americans With Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 is correct?