Blood ch1`9

What are the major body fluids in the human body?

Blood, Interstitial Fluid (ISF), Lymph.

What is hematology?

The study of blood, blood-forming tissues, and associated disorders.

What are the main functions of blood?

Transportation, Regulation, and Protection.

What is the normal pH range of blood?

7.35–7.45.

What components make up formed elements in blood?

Red Blood Cells (RBCs), White Blood Cells (WBCs), and Platelets.

What is the primary site of hematopoiesis in adults?

Red Bone Marrow.

What stimulates red blood cell production in the red bone marrow?

Erythropoietin (EPO).

What is the life span of a red blood cell?

Approximately 120 days.

What is leukocytosis?

A condition with a WBC count greater than 10,000 cells/mL.

What are the two principal types of WBCs based on granule staining?

Granular and Agranular.

What is the primary role of platelets?

Blood clotting.

What are the three stages of hemostasis?

Vascular spasm, Platelet plug formation, and Blood clotting (coagulation).

What vitamin is essential for the synthesis of clotting factors?

Vitamin K.

What is the cause of Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn (HDN)?

Destruction of the infant's erythrocytes by maternal antibodies, typically due to Rh incompatibility.

What is sickle cell disease?

A disorder caused by abnormal hemoglobin (Hb-S) leading to RBC rupture and clotting.

What are the signs and symptoms of sickle cell disease?

Anemia, shortness of breath, fatigue, jaundice, and painful episodes.