psyc 1010 exam 4

Abnormal behavior

Patterns that are unusual, cause distress, and interfere with daily life.

Biological approach

Views disorders as caused by the brain, genes, and physical processes.

DSM first publication

1952.

Purpose of the DSM

A guide for diagnosing mental disorders.

Applied behavior analysis

A method that uses learning principles to shape behavior.

ADHD

A condition involving inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsive actions.

Anxiety disorders

Conditions involving strong, ongoing fear or worry.

Specific phobia

Intense fear of a particular object or situation.

OCD

Repeating thoughts and behaviors a person feels driven to perform.

Dissociative identity disorder

Two or more separate identities within one person.

Mania

A period of very high energy, racing thoughts, and impulsive behavior.

Leading cause of disability in the US

Major depressive disorder.

Schizophrenia

Disorder involving distorted thinking, hallucinations, and reduced emotional expression.

Highest mortality psychological disorder

Anorexia nervosa.

Hallucinations

Experiencing things that are not actually present.

Delusions

Strong false beliefs that don’t match reality.

Antisocial personality disorder

Pattern of violating others’ rights with little remorse.

Percentage of suicide cases with a disorder

About 90%.

Therapeutic alliance

The trust and connection between therapist and client.

Clinical psychology

Field focused on diagnosing and treating mental disorders.

Psychodynamic therapies

Focus on unconscious conflicts and early experiences.

Humanistic therapies

Focus on personal growth and self-understanding.

Carl Rogers condition: Genuineness

Therapist is open and honest.

Carl Rogers condition: Unconditional positive regard

Therapist shows acceptance and care.

Carl Rogers condition: Empathy

Therapist understands the client’s feelings.

Goal of behavior therapy

Changing unwanted behaviors through learning.

Cognitive therapies

Changing unhelpful thoughts to improve emotions and behavior.

Tranquilizer drugs

Medications that reduce anxiety.

Disorder treated with lithium

Bipolar disorder.

Antipsychotic drugs

Medications that reduce hallucinations and delusions.

Disorder treated with ECT

Severe depression.

Last-resort treatment

Psychosurgery.

Group therapy

Treatment done with a therapist and several clients together.

Family therapy: Validation

Supporting each family member’s feelings.

Family therapy: Reframing

Changing how problems are viewed.

Family therapy: Structural change

Modifying family roles and rules.

Family therapy: Detriangulation

Reducing conflict between two people pulled into a third.

AA approach

12-step, support-based, spiritually influenced program.

Psychiatrist role

Medical doctor who prescribes medications.

Catharsis

Emotional release.

Health psychology

Study of how behavior, emotions, and health interact.

Stages of change: Precontemplation

Not yet thinking about change.

Stages of change: Contemplation

Thinking about change.

Stages of change: Preparation

Planning to make a change soon.

Stages of change: Action

Actively making changes.

Stages of change: Maintenance

Continuing healthy behavior long-term.

Religion and health

Can reduce stress and improve coping.

Personal control

Helps people handle stress better.

Self-efficacy

Belief in the ability to succeed.

GAS stage: Alarm

Body reacts to a stressor.

GAS stage: Resistance

Body tries to cope with ongoing stress.

GAS stage: Exhaustion

Body’s resources run out.

Coping

Managing stress and challenges.

Primary appraisal

Judging whether something is a threat, harm, or challenge.

Problem-focused coping

Working directly to solve a problem.

Emotion-focused coping

Managing feelings related to a problem.

Exercise benefits

Improves health, mood, and stress levels.

Physical activity for children

At least 60 minutes per day.

Physical activity for adults

At least 30 minutes most days.

Percentage of Americans with obesity

About 40%.