ESE - Energy Resources and Waste Management (PART 2)

Water Resources and Soil

Pacific Ocean

It covers ⅓ of the Earth’s surface

Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, Arctic

Name the 5 main areas of the ocean from largest to smallest

Pacific Ocean

Philippine Sea, Coral Sea, South China Sea, Bering Sea, Sea of Japan, Mariana Trench (deepest point on Earth, influencing climate, trade, and marine life) - These are found in which area of the ocean?

Atlantic Ocean

It covers ⅕ of the Earth’s surface and separates the continents of America from Europe and Africa

Atlantic Ocean

It played a key role in history, exploration, and global commerce

Atlantic Ocean

Caribbean Sea, Mediterranean Sea, North Sea, Baltic Sea, and Sargasso Sea. - These are found in which area of the ocean?

Indian Ocean

This lies between Africa, Asia, Australia, and Indian subcontinent

Indian Ocean

⅕ of the Earth’s surface, important route for trade and travel

Indian Ocean

Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Andaman Sea, Laccadive Sea, Red Sea - These are found in which area of the ocean?

Indian Ocean

Area of the ocean that is rich in marine life and natural resources, making it vital for surrounding nations

Southern Ocean

Surrounds Antarctica and regulates Earth’s climate (area of ocean)

Southern Ocean

Weddell Sea, Ross Sea, Amundsen Sea - These are found in which area of the ocean?

Arctic Ocean

Smallest and shallowest ocean, found in North Pole (mostly covered in ice)

Arctic Ocean

Barents Sea, Kara Sea, Beaufort Sea - These are found in which area of the ocean

Freshwater

2.5% of the Earth’s water surface

Ice gaps/glaciers, Groundwater, Surface Water (Rivers and Lakes)

Freshwater:

____ - 1.8%

____ - 0.63%

____ - 0.01%

Groundwater Reservoir

Found in the rock and soil layers beneath the surface

Groundwater Reservoir

Largest reservoir of liquid freshwater

Aquifers

Water-bearing rock layers that hold groundwater in tiny cracks, cavities, and pores between mineral grains

Porosity

Total amount of empty pore spaces in the rock

Permeability

Ability of the rock or sediments to allow water to pass through it

Water Resource Management and Conservation:

It involves planning, developing, distributing, and managing the optimum use of water resources

Dams, Reservoirs

— and — are built to provide additional water storage

Inter Basin

Transfer of water also augments the water supply in heavily stressed systems

Ipo Transbasin Tunnel

Transfers water from Angat River to La Mesa Dam (Quezon City), augmenting the water supply needed by Metro Manila

La Mesa Water Treatment Plant 1

Largest water treatment plant in the PH; 1,500 million litres per day

P.D 424 of 1974

The law that created the National Water Resources Council (NWRC) to coordinate and integrate water resources development.

P.D 1067 of 1967

The law that instituted the Water Code which consolidated the laws governing.

E.O 222 of 1995

The law that established the Presidential Committee on Water Conservation and Demand Management which was tasked to prepare a nationwide Water conservation Plan.

R.A 8041 (National Water Crisis Act of 1995)

The law that addressed the country’s water problems through an integrated water management program and development of new water resources and conservation of identified watersheds, among other provisions.

Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004

The law that also provided a comprehensive water quality management

Solid, Liquid, Gaseous

Classification of waste

R.A 9003 (Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000)

The law that provides systematic, comprehensive, and ecological solid waste management policies that ensures the protection of human health and the environment and maximizes the utilization of valuable resources, among others

Reduce

Limiting the amount of generation of waste

Reuse

Recovery of materials by using it for a same or different purpose without changing its physical or chemical properties

Recycle

Converting any used material or waste into a new product

Segregation

Practice of separating solid wastes at the point of origin

Collection

Removal of solid waste from the source, done by local authorities

Production of new product

Original product loses identity and may be used as raw material for the production of goods or services

Composting

Controlled decomposition

Incineration

Combustion of waste materials

Landfill

Waste disposal site

R.A 9512 (National Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008)

An act/law to promote environmental awareness through environmental education and for other purposes

Liquid Waste

This type of waste is in: Industrial, commercial, mining, agricultural operations, community, household activities ; Agricultural Waste, Domestic Waste, industrial wastewater, sewage

Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004

An act/law providing comprehensive water quality management and for other purposes; The state shall pursue a policy of economic growth in a manner consistent with the protection, preservation, and revival of the quality of our fresh, brackish, and marine waters

Gaseous Waste

Waste that uses different energy sources, causing air pollution

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

This gas comes from burning fossil fuels

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)

This gas comes from burning of automobile and power plant fuels

Hydrocarbons

This gas comes from transportation vehicles

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

This gas comes from internal combustion engines

Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)

This gas comes from burning of coal

Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)

The gas that comes from geothermal power plants

Methane (CH4)

The gas that comes from anaerobic decomposition of organic matter

R.A 8749 (Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999)

• The state shall protect and advance the right of people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature

• Promote and protect the global environment to attain sustainable development while recognizing the primary responsibility of local government units to deal with environmental problems

R.A 8749 (Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999)

Law where the saying “polluters must pay” is added