Mycology 3

What are the layers of the skin involved Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Nodular Lesion? (4)

dermis

subcutaneous

muscle

fascia

T/F Most Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Nodular infections have chronic (months) or insidious growth pattern

True

What generally initiates Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Nodular Lesion?

trauma

T/F Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Nodular Lesion may be difficult to treat

True

What is Eumycotic Mycetoma?

chronic, deep fungal infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues, most commonly caused by the fungus Madurella mycetomatis

What are the THREE features of Eumycotic Mycetoma?

tumefaction

grains or granules with exudate

Draining tract

_____: fungi that form hyphal elements with nonpigmented walls in tissues

Hyalohypomycosis

How would you describe Hyalohypomycosis?

non pigmented, septated fungal hyphae

What are the THREE most common forms of Hyalohypomycosis?

Fusarium

Acremonium

Paecilomyces

What type of animal would you typically seen Hyalohypomycosis in?

immunocompetent animals

What fungi is ubiquitous commensals that are opportunistic spp?

Aspergillosis

What are the FIVE types of Aspergillosis?

A. fumugatus

A. terreus

A. flavus

A. nidulans

A. niger

Aspergillosis's ____ ____ keeps them airborne

small size

What are the SIX predisposing factors of Aspergillosis?

mucosal damage

wounds

exposure to high number of conidia

immunosupression

immunodeficiency

Excessive use of antibiotics

What are the THREE ways that Aspergillosis clinically manifestats?

in the lungs

tissue predilection varies w species

invasive infections are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality

Where will you see Aspergillosis in dogs?

sino-nasal

sino- orbital

T/F Aspergillosis in dogs is a disseminated disease

True

T/F Aspergillosis is usually cause by acute infections

False, chronic infections

What type of disease does Aspergillosis cause in dogs?

upper respiratory tract infection

Where is Aspergillosis typically localized to?

Localized to nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses

What type of environment does Aspergillosis thrive in?

low oxygen

What type of sample should you used for Aspergillosis in dogs that is low cost?

urine

T/F Aspergillosis has lesions are frequently found in the abdominal and thoracic LN, kidneys, spleen and vertebra.

True

What type of disease does Aspergillosis cause in cats?

sino-nasal

sino-orbital

What spp can be aggressive and causes palate or orbital tissues?

A. felis

What does Aspergillosis cause in cattle? (3)

gastroenteritis

pneumonia

abortion

T/F Aspergillosis can cause abortion in cattle

True

What season is Aspergillosis in cattle more common and why?

winter & spring when using conserved feeds

What does Aspergillosis cause in horses? (3)

Placentitis/ Abortions

Guttural pouch mycosis

Keratitis

In horses, Aspergillosis can cause mycotic placentitis - late gestation usually thru contamination via ___

cervix

How does Aspergillosis present in birds? (3)

airsacculitis

respiratory tract infection

disseminated

How are birds affected with the acute and chronic form of Aspergillosis?

Acute- exposed to high spore count

Chronic- predisposing factors = Shipping stress, overcrowding, malnutrition, contaminated housing, poor ventilation, poor husbandry, moldy grain.

Aspergillosis diagnosis requires what?

Why?

a combination of diagnostic tools

clinical appearance not specific

What are some of the diagnostic tools that can be used to diagnose Aspergillosis? (5)

cytology/biopsy

culture

serology

Radiology/Ct

Rhinoscopy

T/F Serology is not a commonly used diagnostic tool for Aspergillosis

True

How do you treat Aspergillosis systemically?

Itraconazole

Virconazole

How do you treat Aspergillosis via lavage catheter?

Clotrimazol

Enilconazole

_____ - less toxic, active in vapor phase

Enilconazole

What are TWO other things that are not drug related that you can do to treat Aspergillosis?

surgical debridement

Curettage

What are TWO examples of fungi that causes Mucormycosis?

Rhizopus

Mucor

Where is Mucormycosis commonly found?

in the environment (soil and decaying matter)

Contaminated feed

What are the TWO things that are predisposing factors to Mucormycosis ?

Ruminal acidosis

Ruminal Dybiosis

T/F Mucormycosis can cause respiratory, GI, and systemic infections

True

What TWO things is Mucormycosis know for that spread to multiple organisms?

angionvasion

hematogenous

What is Mucormycosis known to cause in horses and cows?

abortions

Where can you find Entomophthorales?

In the soil

What THREE types of Entomophthorales is commonly found in soil and decaying plant matter?

basidiobolus ranarum

Conidioboulus coronatus

Conidioboulus incongrous

Where is Conidioboulus almost exclusively found?

mucosa of nose and mouth

Where will you find basidiobolus in reptiles?

bound to feces

Where in the body does basidiobolus infect?

lateral aspects of the head, neck, body, and GIT

What Entomophthrales is transmitted by inhalation?

Conidioboulus spp

What Entomophthrales is transmitted by percutaneous inoculation?

basidiobolus ranarum

What Entomophthrales is transmitted by ingestion ?

basidiobolus ranarum

T/F Entomophthrales is very invasive and does not have a good prognosis

True

How do you diagnose Entomophthromycosis?

Microscopic examination

histopathy

Cultrue

PCR

How do you systemically treat Entomophthromycosis?

prolonged intraconazole therpay

T/F There are definitive treatment protocols

Fasle, there is none

What is common after treatment is discontinued?

recurrence