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A series of flashcards that define key terms and concepts from Chapter 12 on Solids in Conceptual Physics.
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Crystal Structure
Arrangement of atoms in a solid in a regular array.
Amorphous Solids
Solids that do not have a regular arrangement of atoms.
Ionic Bond
The transfer of electrons from one atom to another.
Covalent Bond
The sharing of available valence electrons between atoms.
Metallic Bond
Bonding that occurs between metal atoms, where electrons are shared collectively.
Van der Waals Forces
The weakest type of interactions between atoms, often due to polarization.
Density
The amount of mass per unit volume of a material.
Elasticity
A measure of how much a material changes in size or shape when a force is applied.
Inelastic
Materials that do not return to their original shape after being deformed.
Hooke's Law
The extension of a spring is directly proportional to the force applied.
Tension
The state of being stretched or pulled.
Compression
The state of being squashed or pressed together.
I-beam
A structural beam shaped like the letter I, maximizing strength and minimizing weight.
Catenary
The natural curve of a chain hanging between two points, used in arch shapes.
Arch
A structure that takes advantage of the capacity of materials to withstand compression.