Science Module for Grade 9: Volcanoes and Climatic Phenomena
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A set of vocabulary flashcards derived from the lecture notes on volcanism, geothermal energy, and climatic phenomena.
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24 Terms
Geothermal Energy
Energy derived from the heat stored beneath the Earth's surface, often harnessed from volcanic activity.
Volcanism
The process of magma rising to the Earth’s surface, leading to the formation of volcanoes and associated landforms.
Silica Content
The amount of silicon dioxide in magma, influencing its viscosity and explosiveness.
Cinder Cone Volcano
A steep, conical hill formed from ejected lava fragments that solidify and fall back around a single vent.
Stratovolcano
A large, steep-sided composite volcano formed from alternating layers of lava flows and pyroclastic materials.
Phreatic Eruption
A volcanic eruption driven by steam explosions, occurring when water interacts with hot volcanic materials.
El Niño
A climatic phenomenon characterized by periodic warming of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean, affecting weather globally.
La Niña
A climatic phenomenon characterized by cooler than average sea surface temperatures in the central Pacific Ocean, often impacting global weather patterns.
Greenhouse Effect
The natural process by which certain gases trap heat from the Earth's surface, keeping the planet warm.
Climate Change
Significant alterations in climate patterns over an extended period, largely driven by human activities that increase greenhouse gas emissions.
Viscosity of Magma
The resistance of magma to flow, influenced by temperature, chemical composition, and gas content.
Ring of Fire
An area in the Pacific Ocean basin known for its high volcanic and seismic activity.
Volcanism
When melted rock (magma) moves up toward the surface to form volcanoes.
Viscosity of Magma
How thick or runny the melted rock is.
Silica Content
The amount of a specific chemical in magma that makes it thick or sticky.
Cinder Cone Volcano
A small, pointy hill made from pieces of cooled lava that piled up.
Stratovolcano
A tall volcano made of many layers of lava and ash.
Phreatic Eruption
A steam explosion that happens when water touches hot volcanic rock.
Ring of Fire
A large area around the Pacific Ocean where most of the world's volcanoes and earthquakes happen.
Geothermal Energy
Power or heat that we get from the natural heat trapped inside the Earth.
Greenhouse Effect
When certain gases in the air trap heat to keep the Earth warm, like a blanket.
El Nio
A pattern where the Pacific Ocean becomes warmer, causing weather changes around the world.
La Nia
A pattern where the Pacific Ocean becomes colder, affecting global weather.
Climate Change
Big changes in the Earth's weather that last for a long time, often caused by human activity.
Note 
Flashcards (182)