Introduction to Psychopathologies

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to psychopathologies and various mental disorders discussed in the lecture.

Psychopathology

The study of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders, as well as atypical, disruptive, or maladaptive behavior.

Subjective Discomfort

A key characteristic of psychopathology where individuals experience discomfort related to their thoughts, emotions, or behaviors.

Statistical Abnormality

When an individual scores extremely on some dimension (e.g., intelligence, anxiety, or depression) compared to the general population.

Social Nonconformity

Disobeying societal standards of normal conduct, often leading to destructive or self-destructive behavior.

Cultural Relativity

The concept that judgments of abnormality are made relative to the values of one’s culture.

Maladaptive Behavior

Behavior that impairs an individual's ability to function, adapt to the environment, or meet everyday demands.

Insanity

A legal term referring to the inability to manage one’s affairs or understand the consequences of one's actions.

Anxiety Disorders

A class of mental disorders characterized by feelings of apprehension, dread, or uneasiness.

Panic Disorder

A type of anxiety disorder involving a chronic state of anxiety and unexpected panic attacks.

Agoraphobia

Intense, irrational fear of experiencing a panic attack in public or unfamiliar situations.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

A mental health condition characterized by obsessions (intrusive thoughts) and compulsions (repetitive behaviors) that help alleviate anxiety.

Affective Disorders

Including depressive disorders, these are characterized by extreme mood states.

Major Depressive Disorder

A significant mood disorder marked by persistent sadness and loss of interest.

Bipolar Disorders

Mental disorders involving episodes of both depression and mania.

Neurocognitive Disorders

Psychosis resulting from brain injury or disease.

Dissociative Disorders

Conditions involving a mental 'time out' or disconnection from one’s identity, often as a defense against anxiety.

Psychotic Disorders

Serious mental disorders characterized by loss of contact with reality, hallucinations, and delusions.

Schizophrenia

A psychotic disorder marked by hallucinations, delusions, and severe cognitive dysfunction.

Personality Disorders

A class of mental disorders characterized by maladaptive personality traits.

Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)

A disorder characterized by a lack of empathy, manipulative behavior, and emotional shallowness.

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)

A personality disorder marked by extreme emotional reactions, impulsivity, and unstable interpersonal relationships.