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Biology 1 Honors LAST TEST
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Ecology
the study of interactions between organisms with eachother and their physical surroundings
Ecosystem
given physical areas (abiotic_ and the living organisms that inhabit that area (biotic factors)
Communities
collective terms for all organisms living in one ecosystem
Weather
the day to day conditiions of the Earth's atmosphere in a given area
Climate
the average year to year conditions of temperature and precipitation
What's a major factor in determining climate?
The angle at which sunlight hits the earth
What's the result of the unequal heating of the earth?
The drive of winds and ocean currents
Greenhouse Effect
The retaining of heat in the Earht due to a layer of gasses in the atmosphere such as (Carbon Dioxide) and (methane)
___ can be recycled but not ____
Nutrients, energy
Keystone species
An organism that helps define an entire ecosystem
Biomass
the total mass of organisms at one trophic level
10% Rule of Energy Transfer
when energy is passed from one trophic level to the next, only 10% of the energy will be passed on
Why is only 10% passed?
Energy is used to grow, maintain cellular balance, or keep warm, and not all organisms in one trophic level are eatenby another, and always some nergy is lsot during energy transfer
Biomagnification
An increase of toxic substance such as pesticide in the tissus of organisms in a food chain
Ecological succession
Start of a new community
Eco Suc: Primary
No life before
Eco Suc: Secondary
One community replaces another
Pioneer Species
Organisms that begin to colonize areas that did not have living things before like lichens
Climax Community
A stable collection of organisms in an area
Primary Productivity
the rate of an ecosystem at which organic matter is created by producers
Limiting Nutrients
Substances that limit the primary productivity like nitrogen or phosphorus
Process of the Nitrogen Cycle
nitrogen cycle
The transfer of nitrogen from the atmosphere to the soil, to living organisms, and back to the atmosphere
In depth process of nitrogen cycle
Some bacteria in the soil convert nitrogen gas into ammonia, other bacteria converts ammonia into nitrates and nitrites; producers use nitrates and nitrites to make protein; consumers eat producers and reuse the nitrogen to make their own proteins; organisms die- decomposers return nitrogen to the soil as ammonia