Human Body Systems: Test Study Guide (NALA)

Test Study Guide for Human Body Systmes

Skeletal System

Skeletal System

• Main Function: Supports the body, protects soft organs, provides movement, stores minerals and fats, blood cell formation.

• Consists of: Bones, joints, cartilages, ligaments (attaches bone to bone), and tendons (connects bone to muscle).

• Conditions: Osteoporosis (weak bones), Scoliosis (spine curvature), Arthritis (cartilage wears away).

• Bone Types: Compact (dense), Spongy (less dense), Marrow (spongy tissue inside long bones).

Muscular System:

• Main Function: Body movement, shape, and heat.

• Consists of: Smooth muscles (involuntary), cardiac muscles (involuntary), skeletal muscles (voluntary).

• Types of Muscle Tissue: Smooth, skeletal, cardiac.

Digestive System:

• Main Function: Break down food and absorb nutrients.

• Consists of: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum.

• Food Travel: From mouth to stomach via esophagus.

Nervous

• Main Function: Controls and coordinates body functions, responds to stimuli.

• Consists of: Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sense organs (eyes, skin, ears, nose, tongue).

• Connection to Endocrine System: Releases hormones into the bloodstream.

• Type of Communication: Nerves and muscles for movement; impulses travel via neurons.

• Divisions: Central Nervous System (brain, spinal cord), Peripheral Nervous System (nerves branching from brain and spinal cord).

Hierarchy of Organization:

Circulatory System

• Main Function: Transports nutrients, oxygen, hormones; removes waste.

• Consists of: Blood vessels, blood, heart.

• Connections: Works with nervous and endocrine systems; circulatory system brings blood to lungs.

Respiratory System

• Main Function: Delivers oxygen, removes carbon dioxide.

• Consists of: Nose, pharynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs (alveoli).

• Connection to Circulatory System: Circulatory system delivers blood to the lungs.