Cell respiration

mitochondria

organelle in cells(inner and outer membrane, cristae, matrix)

glucose

C₆H₁₂O₆

Anaerobic

without oxygen

aerobic

with oxygen

pyruvates

1 carbohydrate broken down into 2 pyruvates (3C)

cytosol

fluid of the cytoplasm in cells

catabolic

metabolic pathways that break molecules down into smaller units

lysis

rupturing or breaking down

NADH

a coenzyme naturally found in cells in the body that’s involved in making energy

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen

name for NADH

FADH2

similar to NADH, stores energy

flavin adenine dinucleotide hydrogen

name for FADH₂

ATP/ADP

cellular energy, both of them

chemiosmosis

refers to the process of moving ions to the other side of a cell membrane , used to drive ATP synthesis

redox reaction

type of chemical reaction in where there is a gain or loss of electrons

LEO

losing electrons → Oxidation

GER

gaining electrons → reduction

anabolism

sythesis reactions in living organisms as they form carbs, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, etc

catabolism

reactions that release energy as large molecules are broken into smaller molecules

phosphorylation

attaching a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP

lactic acid fermentation

In glycolysis, what happens to the pyruvic acid when No O2 is present

Acetyl CoA

(C2H4O1)is broken down into CH3CO. Two of those acetyl groups are bound to coenzyme A. When the Acetyl group is transformed from CoA to a 4 carbon ,olecule, a 6 carbon molecule called citric acid is produced

Citric Acid

six carbon molecule formed from actyl + oxaloacetate (the first molecule to form in Krebs Cycle)

Oxaloacetic acid

four carbon acceptor molecule regenerated each kreb’s cycle. Combines with CoA to form citrate, coenzymes naturally found in cells in the body that’s involved in making energy

coenzyme

organic molecules, usually derived from vitamins, must be present for an enzymatic reaction to occur

citric acid cycle

removes hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfers them to coenzymes

electron transport system

consists of an electron transport chain made up of a series of cytochromes

cytochromes

pigment-protein complexes

gluconeogenisis

the synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursor molecules

glycogen

where glucose molecules are stored

ketoacidosis

when the body lacks insulin and breaks down fat for energy, creating acidic ketones that make blood acidic