Chapter 6: Computer System and Networks

computing device

is a physical artifact that can run a program. 

computer

is a computing device, but not all computing devices are computers.

computing system

is a group of computing devices and programs working together for a common purpose.

computer network

is a group of interconnected computing devices capable of sending or receiving data

bandwidth

of a computer network is the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time.

path

between two computing devices on a computer network (a sender and receiver) is a sequence of directly connected computing devices that begins at the sender and ends at the receiver. 

Routing

is the process of finding a path from sender to receiver.

**Internet Protocol**

is responsible for addressing and routing your online requests.

**Transmission Control Protocol**

is a protocol that defines how computers send packets of data to each other. 

packets

Data traveling in the internet is broken down into small chunks of data called

**User Datagram Protocol**

is a protocol that allows computer applications to send messages without checking for missing packets to save on time needed to retransmit missing packets. 

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**FAULT TOLERANCE**

When a system can support failures and continue to function

internet

refers to the hardware.

World Wide Web

refers to the software used on the internet.

Sequential computing

is a computational model in which operations are performed in order one at a time.

sequential solution

takes as long as the sum of all of the steps.

parallel solution

takes at least as long as the longest branch in the program.

problem

is broken into discrete instructions.

parallel computing solution

takes as long as the longest of the tasks done in parallel.

Parallel computing

is needed for real-world simulations and modeling.

Distributed computing

allows problems to be solved that could not be solved on a single computer because of either the processing time or storage needs involved.