PY 131 Chapter 19: Vibrations and Waves

Amplitude

________ refers to the distance from the midpoint to the crest or trough of the wave, and it equals the maximum displacement from equilibrium.

Doppler effect

The ________ is evident when an ambulance siren passes you, and you hear the changing pitch.

straight dashed line

The ________ represents the midpoint of the vibration, called the equilibrium position.

Light

________ and sound are vibrations that propagate through space as waves.

periodic wiggle

A(n) ________ in both space and time is a wave.

organ pipes

Standing waves are set up in musical instruments 'strings when they are played, and in the air in ________, trumpets, clarinets, and even soda- pop bottles.

Sound

________ is a mechanical wave that requires a material medium to vibrate.

Pendulums

________ are used by oil and mineral prospectors to detect slight differences in the acceleration due to gravity, which is affected by the densities of underlying formations.

right frequency

Standing waves are easy to make by shaking a rope or rubber tube with the ________.

longitudinal vibrations

Standing waves can be produced with either transverse or ________.

Antinodes

________ occur halfway between nodes.

curve

A sine ________ represents a wave, which can be created by a bob attached to a spring undergoing vertical simple harmonic motion.

Wavelengths

________ are measured in meters for waves at the beach, centimeters for ripples in a pond, and nanometers for light waves.

Wave motion

________ transfers energy from a source to a receiver without transferring matter.

electromagnetic wave

Light is a(n) ________ that can propagate through a vacuum.

wave speed

The distance is one wavelength and the time is one period, so ________= wavelength /period.

Frequency

________ describes how frequently a vibration occurs, and it is measured in hertz (Hz), which represents the number of to- and- fro vibrations made in one second.

Interference

________ is a characteristic of all wave motion, including water waves, sound waves, and light waves.

Doppler effect

The ________ also occurs for light, and an increase in frequency is called a blue shift, while a decrease is called a red shift.

right frequency

Standing waves can be set up in a tub of water or in a cup of coffee by sloshing them back and forth with the ________.