Pops, Potions, Poisons

Physical Change

A change where substances appear differently without changing their chemical composition.

Chemical Change

A change that alters the substances that make up an object into new substances.

Decomposition

A reaction where a compound breaks down into simpler parts, requiring energy.

Synthesis

A reaction where multiple reactants combine to form a single product.

Endothermic Reaction

A reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings, feeling cold.

Exothermic Reaction

A reaction that releases energy into its surroundings, feeling hot.

Rate of Reaction

The speed at which a reaction occurs, measured by how fast products form.

Collision Theory

Theory stating that reactant molecules must collide with enough energy and correct geometry to react.

Law of Conservation of Mass

The total mass of reactants is always equal to the mass of products in a closed system.

Element

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances, consisting of one type of atom.

Compound

A substance composed of two or more different elements chemically combined.

Mixture

A combination of two or more substances where each retains its own properties without chemical bonds.

Atom

The smallest unit of a chemical element, consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons.

Molecule

A group of two or more atoms chemically bonded together, retaining properties of that substance.

Proton

A positively charged particle located in the nucleus of an atom.

Neutron

A neutral particle located in the nucleus of an atom.

Electron

A negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom.

Atomic Number

The number of protons in an element, determining its identity and position in the periodic table.

Valence Electrons

The electrons in the outermost shell of an atom, determining its reactivity and group in the periodic table.