Pops, Potions, Poisons

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19 Terms

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Physical Change

A change where substances appear differently without changing their chemical composition.

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Chemical Change

A change that alters the substances that make up an object into new substances.

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Decomposition

A reaction where a compound breaks down into simpler parts, requiring energy.

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Synthesis

A reaction where multiple reactants combine to form a single product.

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Endothermic Reaction

A reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings, feeling cold.

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Exothermic Reaction

A reaction that releases energy into its surroundings, feeling hot.

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Rate of Reaction

The speed at which a reaction occurs, measured by how fast products form.

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Collision Theory

Theory stating that reactant molecules must collide with enough energy and correct geometry to react.

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Law of Conservation of Mass

The total mass of reactants is always equal to the mass of products in a closed system.

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Element

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances, consisting of one type of atom.

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Compound

A substance composed of two or more different elements chemically combined.

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Mixture

A combination of two or more substances where each retains its own properties without chemical bonds.

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Atom

The smallest unit of a chemical element, consisting of a nucleus surrounded by electrons.

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Molecule

A group of two or more atoms chemically bonded together, retaining properties of that substance.

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Proton

A positively charged particle located in the nucleus of an atom.

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Neutron

A neutral particle located in the nucleus of an atom.

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Electron

A negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom.

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Atomic Number

The number of protons in an element, determining its identity and position in the periodic table.

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Valence Electrons

The electrons in the outermost shell of an atom, determining its reactivity and group in the periodic table.