GI Meds

What is the MOA for proton pump inhibitors ("-azole")?

Inhibit H+/K+ ATPase enzyme in parietal cells → blocks final step of acid production

What is the MOA for histamine-2 receptor blockers ("-tidine")?

Block H2 receptors on gastric parietal cells -> decreases acid secretion in response to histamine

What is the MOA for prokinetic agents?

increases GI motility by enhancing acetylcholine; blocks dopamine in CTZ -> decreases nausea and increases gastric emptying

What is the MOA for aluminum-based antacids?

Neutralizes gastric acid -> increases pH; binds phosphate

What is the MOA for magnesium-based antacids?

Neutralizes gastric acid → ↑ pH

What is the MOA for calcium-based antacids?

Neutralizes acid; adds calcium

What is the MOA for serotonin antagonist (5-HT3)?

Blocks serotonin receptors in CTZ and GI tract -> prevents nausea

What is the MOA for dopamine antagonist?

Blocks dopamine in CTZ → reduces nausea sensation

What is the MOA for dual action (dopamine + prokinetic)?

Blocks dopamine in CTZ + ↑ GI motility via ACh

What is the MOA for stool softener (surfactant)?

Reduces surface tension -> water and fat penetrate stool -> softening

What is the MOA for stimulant laxative?

Stimulates intestinal mucosa -> increases peristalsis and fluid secretion

What is the MOA for osmotic laxative?

Draws water into colon via osmosis -> increases stool volume and motility

What is the MOA for osmotic + ammonia reducer?

Osmotic effect + traps ammonia in colon for excretion

What are the nursing considerations for proton pump inhibitors ("-azole")?

Take before meals (30-60 min); risk for osteoporosis, C. diff, decreases Mg with long-term use

What are the nursing considerations for histamine-2 receptor blockers ("-tidine")?

Avoid antacids within 1 hour; may cause confusion in elderly; adjust for renal impairment

What are the nursing considerations for prokinetic agents?

Risk for extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS); monitor for tardive dyskinesia; short-term use only

What are the nursing considerations for aluminium-based antacids?

May cause constipation; used in renal failure to bind phosphate

What are the nursing considerations for magnesium-based antacids?

May cause diarrhea; avoid in renal failure due to hypermagnesemia risk

What are the nursing considerations for calcium-based antacids?

Risk for hypercalcemia, rebound acid, kidney stones; avoid overuse

What are the nursing considerations for serotonin antagonist (5-HT3)?

Can cause QT prolongation, headache, constipation; give 30 mins before chemo

What are the nursing considerations for dopamine antagonist?

Black Box Warning: respiratory depression in children <2; sedation, hypotension

What are the nursing considerations for dual action (dopamine + prokinetic)?

Risk of tardive dyskinesia, especially with long-term use; not for GERD in elderly

What are the nursing considerations for stool softener (surfactant)?

Encourage fluid intake; used for prevention, not treatment of constipation

What are the nursing considerations for stimulant laxative?

Can cause cramping; not for long-term use; risk of dependence

What are the nursing considerations for osmostic laxative?

Ensure adequate hydration; may take 1-3 days for full effect; safe for chronic use in elderly

What are the nursing considerations for osmotic + ammonia reducer?

Monitor ammonia levels and bowel patterns (used for hepatic encephalopathy = 2-3 soft stools per day)

Omeprazole, Esomeprazole, and Pantoprazole are the generic names for what drug class?

proton pump inhibitors

Famotidine and Cimetidine are the generic names for what drug class?

histamine-2 receptor blockers

Metoclopramide is the generic name for which 2 drug class?

prokinetic agents and dual action (dopamine + prokinetic) antiemetics

Aluminum hydroxide is the generic name for what drug class?

aluminum-based antacids

Magnesium hydroxide is the generic name for what drug class?

magnesium-based antacids

Calcium carbonate is the generic name for what drug class?

calcium-based antacids

Ondansetron is the generic name for what drug class?

serotonin antagonist (5-HT3) antiemetics

Promethazine is the generic name for what drug class?

dopamine antagonist antiemetics

Docusate sodium is the generic name for what drug class?

stool softeners (surfactant)

Senna is the generic name for what drug class?

stimulant laxatives

Polyethylene glycol is the generic name for what drug class?

osmotic laxatives

Lactulose is the generic name for what drug class?

osmotic + ammonia reducers