Honors Bio Test help

Who is Charles Darwin?

The father of genetics who studied the theory of evolution.

Difference between natural and artificial selection?

Module 14:3, Five Fingers of Evolution

What is evolution

A change in the gene pool over time

What evolution example is the pointer finger? (points (P) into the direction of travel)

Gene flow

What is gene flow?

Migration where individuals move and take new alleles into a population

What evolution example is the middle finger? (M for middle)

Mutation

What is mutation?

They introduce new alleles into a population

What evolution example is on the ring finger? (R for ring, think of sex/marriage)

Non random mating/ sexual selection

What is non random mating/ sexual selection

Where individuals chose their mating partner based off of their personal type

What evolution example is on the pinky finger? (Pinky is the smallest)

Genetic drift

What is genetic drift

A change due to random chance in a small population

The two types of genetic drift?

bottleneck, and founder effect

What evolution example is on the thumb? (thumbs up/ down to survival)

Nautral selection

What is natural selection?

survival to the fittest where those with better fitness have a better chance to survive

Module 16, Classification of Life

What is taxomy?

What groups similar organisms together

What is a taxon?

Where organisms with a common trait will be grouped together

What are the orders of taxons?

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species (Dr. King Phil Came Over For Games and Spagetti

What is Binomial nomenclature?

Two terms name an organism, the first indicating genus and the second indicating ephet

What are the 3 domains?

Eukarya

Bacteria

Archaea

What are the 6 kingdoms?

Bacteria

Archaea

Protista

Fungi

Plantae

Animalia

How do you start a cladogram?

The organism with the least amount of traits goes first, then the trait every other organism has goes after and so on!

What is a Homologous structure? (Ex: Human arms and dog legs)

Body parts of species that are different but have similar features that show a common ancestor

What is a Vestigal Structure? (Ex: A bird that flew over 1000 years ago and an osterich that can’t fly)

An organism's ancestors had a trait that could help them perform a function but the organism has the same trait but it doesn’t help them perform that function

What is an Analogous Structure? (Ex: A bald eagles and a firefly's wings)

A structure on different organisms that performs the same purpose with no ties between the two

What is stabilizing Selection? (Ex: Average sized baby survives and overweight/ underweight baby dies)

Eliminates extreme traits when the average expression has better fitness

What is fitness?

measures an organisms ability to survive and move to the next generation

What is Directional Selection? (Ex: A giraffe with a long neck survives over a giraffe with a short neck)

An extreme phenotype is favored over the others, causing a shift to that phenotype over time

What is Disruptive selection? (Ex: Only giraffes with long necks remain)

All average individuals are removed creating a population split into 2 with all organisms having extreme traits

What are Prezygotic Isolating Mechanisms? (Ex: Two different bird species can’t breed together because they have different ways of doing it)

What prevents reproduction by making fertilization unlikely and it occurs before fertilization

What are Postzygotic Isolation Mechanisms? (Ex: A lion and tiger creating a lyger/ tigon)

When fertilization has occured the offspring can’t reproduce and it happens after fertilization

What is Allopatric speciation?

Where a physical geographic barrier divides a population into two and over time they can’t reproduce because the sides divided the organisms with other organisms they can’t breed with

What is Sympatric Speciation?

A new species is created from ancestors with no geographic barrier

What is Adaptive radiation?

One species gives rise to many other species in response to a new habitat

What is convergent evolution?

Unrelated species develops similar traits even though they live on opposite ends of the world