Nursing Application: Renal, Urinary & Integumentary Systems

This set of flashcards covers essential vocabulary and concepts related to the renal, urinary, and integumentary systems as outlined in the nursing application lecture.

1. What is the primary function of the kidney? A) Muscle that pumps blood B) Gland that produces insulin C) Organ that stores bile D) Natural blood filter that excretes waste products and toxins

Natural blood filter that filters and excretes waste products and toxins, regulates fluids and electrolytes, maintains acid-base balance, and secretes hormones.

2. What initiates the micturition reflex? A) Pain in the kidneys B) Pressure on the bladder wall C) Increase in blood pressure D) Sensation of thirst

Reflex triggered by pressure on the bladder wall, leading to the expulsion of urine.

3. What condition is referred to as pyelonephritis? A) An ascending urinary tract infection causing kidney inflammation B) A type of kidney stone C) Inflammation of the liver D) A surgical procedure for kidney removal

An ascending urinary tract infection causing inflammation of the kidneys and renal pelvis, often due to bacterial infection.

4. What symptoms are associated with acute pyelonephritis? A) Persistent headache B) Sudden inflammation with fever, chills, flank pain, and urinary issues C) Chest pain and cough D) Fatigue and weakness

Sudden infection leading to inflammation and symptoms like fever, chills, flank pain, and urinary issues.

5. How does chronic pyelonephritis develop? A) Abdominal pain only B) Recurring episodes of acute pyelonephritis leading to kidney scarring and fibrosis C) Sudden fever and chills D) Increased appetite

Recurring episodes of acute pyelonephritis causing kidney scarring and fibrosis, often presenting with hypertension.

6. What is defined as acute kidney injury (AKI)? A) Permanent damage to the kidneys B) A chronic disease without symptoms C) Gradual kidney failure D) Rapid loss of renal function that can be reversible

Rapid loss of renal function that can be reversible, caused by prerenal, intrarenal, or postrenal factors.

7. What characterizes the oliguric phase of AKI? A) Constant thirst B) Normal kidney function C) Urine output less than 400 mL/day, with signs of fluid overload D) Urine output greater than 400 mL daily

Phase of AKI characterized by urine output less than 400 mL/day, with signs of fluid excess and changes in laboratory values.

8. What occurs during the diuretic phase of AKI? A) Complete disappearance of symptoms B) Decrease in urine production C) Increased urine output, followed by potential dehydration D) No change in kidney function

Phase of AKI where urine output rises, followed by potential dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.

9. How is chronic kidney disease (CKD) defined? A) GFR less than 60 mL/min for three months or longer B) GFR greater than 90 mL/min C) Mild dehydration symptoms D) Normal kidney function

Condition where GFR is less than 60 mL/min for 3 months or longer, often caused by diabetes, hypertension, and other factors.

10. What characterizes nephrotic syndrome? A) Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema B) Muscle atrophy C) Only high blood pressure D) Fluid retention without protein loss

Condition characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and edema.

11. What are renal calculi? A) Kidney stones causing intermittent pain and obstructions B) Tumors in the kidneys C) Normal waste products of the kidneys D) Infections in the bladder

Kidney stones causing intermittent pain and obstruction, often due to dehydration and other risk factors.

12. What is the process involved in hemodialysis? A) Filtering blood through a dialyzing membrane to remove waste products B) Medication to improve kidney function C) A surgical procedure for kidney removal D) Natural filtration by the body

Process of filtering blood through a dialyzing membrane to remove waste products and excess fluids.

13. How is peritoneal dialysis performed? A) Utilizing the peritoneum as a semipermeable membrane for waste removal B) A procedure involving bladder removal C) A process involving medication D) Using the lungs to filter blood

Dialysis method using the peritoneum as a semipermeable membrane for waste removal.

14. What triggers acute glomerulonephritis? A) Deterioration due to old age B) Glomerular inflammation after streptococcal infections C) Viral infection only D) Only lifestyle factors

Glomerular inflammation occurring after streptococcal infections, leading to kidney function loss and edema.

15. What structures are part of the integumentary system? A) Skin, hair, nails, and associated glands B) Bones and muscles C) Brain and nerves D) Heart and lungs

System that includes skin, hair, nails, and associated glands.

16. How is malignant melanoma defined? A) An ordinary mole B) A serious type of skin cancer with asymmetries and irregular borders C) Skin rash due to allergies D) Benign skin growth

A serious form of skin cancer characterized by asymmetries, irregular borders, color variegation, diameter greater than 6 mm, and evolving characteristics.

17. What are the characteristics of a superficial thickness burn? A) Presence of blisters and swelling B) Painful with deep tissue damage C) First-degree burn with redness and pain D) No pain at all

First-degree burn characterized by redness, pain, and no blisters.

18. What describes a partial thickness burn? A) Second-degree burn that is painful, blistered, and moist B) Normal skin response C) Symptoms typical of first-degree burns only D) Symptoms seen in third-degree burns

Second-degree burn that is painful, blistered, and moist.

19. How is a full thickness burn described? A) Represents normal skin damage B) A third-degree burn that results in dry, discolored skin without pain C) Involves excessive pain D) Heals without scars

Third-degree burn that results in dry, discolored skin without pain due to nerve damage.

20. What is the purpose of the Parkland formula? A) Calculating required medications B) Estimating daily caloric needs C) Estimating blood pressure D) Determining fluid resuscitation requirements for burn patients

A formula used to calculate fluid resuscitation needs for burn patients.

21. What does scleroderma involve? A) Inflammation, fibrosis, and skin thickening B) Muscle atrophy C) Weakness of bones D) Skin dryness only

Condition involving inflammation, fibrosis, and skin thickening, leading to tightness and loss of elasticity.

22. What occurs in the emergent phase of burns? A) Lasting 1-2 weeks post-burn B) The period of healing C) First 24-48 hours post-burn characterized by fluid loss and edema D) A time characterized by infection risk

Phase lasting 24-48 hours post-burn characterized by fluid loss, edema, and risk of hypovolemic shock.

23. How is pyelonephritis diagnosed? A) Solely patient history B) Based on symptoms only C) Only through physical examination D) Utilizing blood work, urinalysis, imaging, and cultures

Involves blood work, urinalysis, imaging, and cultures to identify inflammation and infection.

24. Which laboratory tests evaluate acute kidney injury (AKI)? A) Temperature check B) Urinalysis only C) Electrolyte levels, BUN, creatinine, and GFR D) Only physical examination

Laboratory tests assessing electrolyte levels, BUN, creatinine, and GFR to determine kidney injury.

25. What interventions are prioritized for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD)? A) Reducing exercise levels B) Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance, managing disease progression C) Ensuring patient comfort D) Increasing dietary salt intake

Focus on maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance, managing disease progression, and patient education.

26. What are kidney function tests? A) Tests assessing liver function B) Tests related to heart disease C) Simple blood tests D) Tests like serum creatinine, BUN, and urinalysis that assess renal function

Tests such as serum creatinine, BUN, and urinalysis used to assess renal function.

27. What complications can urinary tract infections (UTIs) lead to? A) Increased appetite B) Lack of symptoms C) Muscle spasms D) Pyelonephritis if untreated

Infections in the urinary system, often leading to pyelonephritis if untreated.

28. What is fluid volume overload? A) Condition of dehydration B) Normal hydration status C) Excess fluid in the body D) Low fluid levels

Condition characterized by excess fluid in the body, often requiring monitoring in kidney patients.

29. What are electrolyte imbalances? A) Abnormal blood levels of electrolytes requiring monitoring B) High hydration status C) Normal blood levels of electrolytes D) Persistent thirst

Abnormal blood levels of electrolytes like potassium, sodium, and calcium, requiring monitoring and management.

30. What does patient education for dialysis involve? A) Ignoring medication protocols B) Teaching exercise routines C) Counseling on nephrotoxic medications and dietary modification D) No educational requirements

Teaching patients about avoiding nephrotoxic medications and making appropriate dietary modifications.

31. What does BUN (blood urea nitrogen) indicate? A) A type of blood pressure measurement B) A laboratory measurement assessing kidney function and urea levels in the blood C) Irrelevant to kidney function D) A measure of physical health

A laboratory measurement to assess kidney function and urea levels in the blood.