HYPNOSIS

Hypnosis Definition

A state of consciousness involving focused attention and reduced peripheral awareness characterized by an enhanced capacity for response to suggestion.

Historical Origins of Hypnosis

Late 1700s, Anton Mesmer began using techniques to treat hysteria.

What occurs during hypnosis?

Participants are asked to…

1. Do something, and

2. Interpret that behavior as involuntary

Hypnotizability

Based off of imagination and absorption, which is highly correlated with Big 5 trait of openness to experience.

What is happening biologically during hypnosis?

• Increased activation of the parasympathetic nervous system - rest and digest.

• Increased theta waves - associated with relaxation and intense concentration.

• Decreased activity in parts of the brain associated with self-awareness

2 Models of Hypnosis: Dissociation Theory

Hypnosis is an altered state of consciousness, in which parts of the conscious are temporarily dissociated and involuntary behavior can occur.

2 Models of Hypnosis: Sociocognitive Theory

Hypnosis is not an altered state of consciousness, and perceptions of involuntary behavior are due to expectations.

Hypnosis is heavily influenced by expectations

Participants who are told that certain behaviors are common under hypnosis are more likely to do those behaviors than participants who were not told.

What can hypnosis NOT do?

• Make people do things they are unwilling to do.

• Enhance recall or recovery of memories.

What CAN hypnosis do?

• Reduce pain, anxiety, and some habit disorders.