Biochemistry Chapters 1-3

Atmosphere

gases and UV light = simple organic compounds

Thermal vents

heart and small organic compounds = small organic compound

Compartimentation

protection from environment

high lock concentrations of vital

what makes a cell a cell

barrier

inside chemically different from outside

Noncovalent bonds

weaker than covalent
this is wanted bc its easier to break and reform

electrostatic

polar molecules

have dipole moments

charge-induced dipole interactions

induced by charged molecules

dipole induced dipole interactions

induced by polar moles with permanent dipole moment

membranes

amphipathic

powered by hydrophobic effect

buffering range

pKa plus or minus 1

1st law of thermodynamics

energy is neither created or destroyed

work is done to a system when

heat is added

work

force applied over distance

a change in pressure or volume

Reversible process

near equilibrium

processes at equilbrium

lowest energy state of system

forward and reverse are equal

Irreversible process

set up far from equilibrium state and moves towards it
example - burning paper

2nd law of thermodynamics

entropy(S) is always increasing
increasing randomness and disorder

3rd law of thermodynamics

entropy of a pure, perfect crystalline substance is zero at absolute zero

PEP vs ATP

pep had a high phosphoryl group transfer than ATP

summary of the four scenarios for enthalpy and entropy changes