Indigenous Studies Exam

Decolonization

Withdrawal from colonial powers for independence.

Settler Colonialism

Ongoing structure impacting Indigenous communities.

Logic of Elimination

Efforts to erase Indigenous presence for land claims.

Logic of Evacuation

Demand for Indigenous peoples to leave their lands.

Modern Context of Decolonization

Active dismantling of colonial structures in society.

Curriculum Reform

Inclusion of Indigenous perspectives in education.

Decolonizing Food

Reclaiming traditional diets against modern exploitation.

Decolonizing Culture

Preserving heritage through traditions and recipes.

Decolonizing Fashion

Addressing labor exploitation in the fashion industry.

Renaming Streets

Acts of reclamation through place renaming.

Monuments in Decolonization

Dismantling oppressive legacies through symbolic acts.

Fake Decolonization

Superficial actions that dilute meaningful decolonial efforts.

Wampum

Traditional belts symbolizing agreements and relationships.

Dish with One Spoon

Emphasizes resource sharing and environmental care.

Two Row Wampum

Advocates for mutual respect and autonomy.

Decolonization and Stewardship

Focus on stewardship, not land ownership.

Rematriation

Returning land and resources to Indigenous nations.

Everyday Acts of Resurgence

Renewal of cultural practices disrupted by colonialism.

Barriers to Resurgence

Colonial intimidation and co-optation hindering progress.

Ethnocentrism

Viewing one's culture as superior to others.

Ethnohistory

Study of history in cultural context.

Cultural Superiority

Perception of one's culture as more advanced.

Enlightenment Ideals

Framed progress as a linear trajectory.

Industrialization

Economic development seen as a measure of progress.

Noble Savage Myth

Contradictory views of Indigenous peoples as peaceful or savage.

Cultural Evolution

Defined by colonial milestones and progress.

Rights and Responsibilities

Emphasis on responsibilities to homelands over rights.

Resurgence vs Reconciliation

Resurgence focuses on community-centered actions.

Pathways to Decolonization

Renewing land practices and strengthening cultural institutions.

Kulchyski

Scholar analyzing European societal differences.

Valladolid Debate

1550 debate on Indigenous conquest legality.

King Charles V

Spanish king halting New World conquests.

Juan Gines de Sepulveda

Historian arguing Indigenous conquest was legal.

Bartolome de las Casas

Monk opposing Indigenous conquest, advocating rights.

Imaginative Geography

Societal representation of other cultures reflecting biases.

Cultural Domination

Dynamic colonial cultures versus static Indigenous cultures.

Reductivism

Indigenous traditions viewed as deficiencies needing correction.

Marginalization

Indigenous values diminished in favor of settler norms.

Dehumanization

Stripping human qualities from Indigenous peoples.

Civilized/Savage Dichotomy

Binary construct perpetuating stereotypes of cultures.

Master Myth

Civilization encountering savagery justifying land dispossession.

Scientific Racism

19th-century pseudoscience establishing racial hierarchies.

Double Standard

Biased treatment of Indigenous peoples versus settlers.

James Walker

Examined Indigenous representation in Canadian historical writing.

Last of the Mohicans

Cooper's romantic portrayal of Indigenous peoples.

60s Scoop

Adoption of Indigenous children into non-Indigenous homes.

Cindy Blackstock

Advocate for Indigenous child welfare reform.

Bill C-31

Legislation reversing discriminatory practices against Indigenous women.

Residential Schools

Institutions aimed at erasing Indigenous culture.

Truth and Reconciliation Commission

Documenting residential school survivor testimonies.

Ethnocide

Cultural erasure without physical extermination.

Colonialism

Imposition of foreign control over Indigenous lands.

Blood Quantum

Measure of Indigenous identity based on ancestry.

Indian Act

Canadian law defining Indigenous status and rights.

Status Indians

Registered Indigenous individuals under the Indian Act.

Band

Small group of related Indigenous individuals.

Indigenous Philosophy

Holistic worldview emphasizing interrelationships and cyclical time.

Eurocentric Philosophy

Focus on linearity and objectivity in worldview.

Clash of Worldviews

Conflict between Indigenous and colonial perspectives.

Scrip

Document granting rights to Indigenous women.

Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls

Systemic violence against Indigenous women and girls.

Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC)

Right of Indigenous peoples to consent to projects.

UNDRIP

United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

Cultural Loss

Loss of Indigenous identity through assimilation policies.

Historical Trauma

Multigenerational impact of colonial policies on Indigenous peoples.

Indigenous Resistance

Opposition to colonial policies and practices.

Cultural Genocide

Erasure of cultural identity and practices.

Indigenous Education

Efforts to restore Indigenous knowledge and practices.

KAIROS

Ecumenical program advocating for social change.

Judge Kimelman's Inquiry

Critique of Indigenous child welfare practices.

Provincial Variations

Differences in implementing Indigenous education across Canada.

Indigenous Contributions

Recognition of Indigenous roles in Canadian history.

Cultural Erasure

Systematic removal of Indigenous cultural practices.

Indigenous-led Solutions

Community-driven approaches to address Indigenous issues.

Systemic Change

Transformational shifts in policies affecting Indigenous peoples.

Decolonization

Process of undoing colonial impacts on Indigenous cultures.

Historical Context

Background influencing current Indigenous issues in Canada.

Intergenerational Trauma

Trauma passed down through generations of Indigenous peoples.

Inuit

Indigenous people primarily in Canada and Greenland.

2021 Census

Survey indicating Inuit population at 70,000.

Eskimo ID discs

Mandatory identification from 1941-1978 for Inuit.

Sivullirmiut

Inuit term for 'first ones' in their language.

Paleo-Inuit

Early Inuit culture existing around 4,000 years ago.

Arctic Small Tool Tradition

Common cultural tools used by Paleo-Inuit.

Dorset Culture

Inuit culture existing around 3,000 years ago.

Tuniit

Historical group referenced in Inuit oral tradition.

Thule Culture

Inuit culture following Dorset, known for bowhead whale hunting.

Bowhead whale

Large whale hunted by Thule and Dorset cultures.

Climate change impact

Affected migration routes and food availability for Inuit.

Sea as transportation

Inuit use sea for travel and connecting communities.

Land use

Inuit primarily located on coasts or waterways.

Hunting gear

Similar tools used by present-day Inuit and Thule.

Cultural shift

Transition from baleen whale hunting to seal hunting.

Snow houses

Structures possibly invented by Dorset for winter living.

Dog-teams

Used by Thule for hunting and traveling efficiently.

Umiaks

Large boats used by Inuit for transportation.

Sustainability concept

Inuit view sustainability as long-term ecological harmony.

Oral tradition

Inuit history passed down through storytelling.

Seasonal resources

Inuit communities pursued resources based on seasonal availability.

Migration routes

Paths animals take, affected by climate changes.