chapter 12 key terms/events/people

coastal trade

thousands of young, strong slaves sent to sugar plantations in louisiana (new orleans) & cotton plantations in the mississippi valley

inland system

professional slave traders traveled from one village to another to buy young african american slaves

chattel principle

slave has legal status of property; can be bought & sold

benevolent masters

masters who considered themselves committed to the welfare of their slaves

republican aristocracy

rich slave-owning planters in the south; head of society & politics --> believed slavery was the natural order of things and there should not be universal suffrage

"positive good" argument

excuse that justifies slavery as beneficial to the "genetically inferior" africans as well as a positive for their white owners

gang-labor system

organized teams worked on the same task at the same time; work finished at a steady pace, increased productivity

slave society

society where slavery affects all aspects of life

alamo

abandoned mission (turned into fort) near san antonio; important battle site during texas revolution

secret ballot

method of voting that offered anonymity as opposed to vocal voting

black protestantism

emphasized evangelical messages of emotional conversion, ritual baptism, communal spirituality, & the idea that blacks were "children of god" --> preachers did not promote biblical passages that encouraged mindless obedience

task system

system of labor where slave had to complete a specific task each day; offered slaves time for themselves if job was finished early

harriet jacobs

wrote "incidents in the life of slave girl" --> highlighted sexual exploitation in slavery

james henry hammond

governor of south carolina & slave owner; believed in the superiority of whites, built extravagant greek revival mansion to show off planter wealth

stephen austin

original settler of texas; leader of "peace party," negotiated w/ central gov. for greater political autonomy, wanted decentralized mexican republic

antonio lopez de santa anna

mexican president & general; wanted to impose national authority, tried to crush texas rebellion --> defeated at battle of san jacinto (1836)

sam houston

1st president of republic of texas; leader of "war party," demanded independence for texas, led rebels in battle of san jacinto