The American Pageant - Chapter 1

Dual and APUSH Students, sprinkled in with some notes from lectures. apologies if there are questions ever duplc

What happened several years ago?

whirling speck of dust (earth) came into being
was fifth in size among planets

what happened 16000 years ago?

the first humans settled the north american continent

what happened ten thousand years ago?

recorded history of western world began
some middle eastern societies began developing systems of writing around 3500 BCE

what happened 500 years ago?

european exploration stumbled in Americas

what was a consequence of european contact with he americas?

forever altered future of both Old & new world, also africa/asia

what contained all of the worlds dry land?

pangaea (single supercontinent named by geologists), 225 million years ago

approximate time of appalachian formation?

probably formed before continental separation, maybe 480 million years ago

what are considered the “truly” american mountains?

rockies, sierra nevada, cascades, coast ranges, formed about 10 million years ago

what is the canadian shield?

zone unguarded by ancient rock

where did people come from mostly to the americas?

siberia to alaska

what did people use on the way to the americas?

crude boats, bering strait

what is the bering strait?

ice bridge connecting now indigenous people to north america

when did the bering strait melt?

10,000 years ago

a consequence of the bering strait melting?

led to more people, making way southward & eastward

examples of stunningly sophisticated civilizations in north america?

incas in peru, aztecs in mexico, mayans in central america

an example of what the aztecs performed?

human sacrifices

who relied on large scale agriculture?

dense north american societies

what was very diverse?

native american culture & environment

who constructed intricate irrigation systems?

pueblos in rio grande valley

who had nation states?

aztecs

what was the advantage of having nation states?

made it easier to rule

what comprised of large & small communities?

variety of leagues, confederations & chiefdoms

cahokia

near present day east st. louis

three sister farming

beans growing on the trellis of cornstalks

how many people were in the earliest americas at the time?

still very few in number, not that populated

animism

belief in nature religion

what were the europeans unaware of?

the presence of the americas, knowledge of those continents

who sponsored european exploration?

government

where did europeans explore?

from asia & africa

what happened during european exploration?

discovered the new world

what did asia give europeans?

imports from asian continent

how much were the prices of asian goods in europe?

expensive

who made breakthroughts to europe?

marco polo

caravel

ship that could sail more closely into the wind

who powered european exploration (halfly)?

marco polo, an explorer

what african city was open to european travelling?

city of mali

who started slave trade in africa?

the portuguese

plantation system

based on large scale commerical agriculture

who did portuguese get some practices from? (in terms of slave trade)

from arabs & africans

why did portuguese build off some practices from arabs & africans?

to control slave trade in sugar plantations

who named India the indies?

vasco de gama

who wanted to compete with portgual for india riches?

spain

who did columbus get sponsored for adventure?

by the spanish government

what happened midst exploration for columbus?

stumbled upon new land, the americas

what did columbus call the native peoples of the americas?

indians

why did columbus call native peoples indians?

he thought that he stumbled into the indies

what would happen after 1492?

the world would never be the same

columbian exchange

agricultural, animals & disease trade network between europe & americas

what did europeans introduce to the new world?

old world stuff

europeans brought what negative consequence to the americas?

diseases, killed so many native americans, parallel in human history

treaty of tordesillas

spain took western hemisphere, portugal took eastern hemisphere

what civilizations had gold and silver?

advanced indian civilizations in mexico & peru

Caribbean sea

offshore bases for staging the spanish invasion of mainland americas

encomienda

allowed the government to command on give

who did the slave malinche help invade mexico?

cortes

what happened to cortes before he invaded mexico?

cut off any signs of retreat, grew wealthy & greedy, invaded tenochtitlan

who did Moctezuma believe cortes was when he arrived?

Quetzalcoatl

what did moctezuma offer up to cortes, as seeing him as a god?

gold

capitalism

growth of new economic system

was the aztec metropolis big or small?

big

chain attack: what did the aztecs do to the spaniards, and vice versa?

aztecs attack, spanish attack back

what did colonizers bring over to the americas?

language, customs, laws, religions & new holidays

conquistadores

conquerors

who was ferdinand magellan slain by?

philippine natives

how fast did the colonial empire of spain grow?

grew impressively & swiftly

battle of acoma

1599, victorious spanish sentenced young indian survivors

true/false smallpox was not profound

false

pueblo revolt

destroyed every catholic church

kiva

ceremonial religious chamber

black legend

conquerors performed torture & butchered the indians

who were genuine empire builders & cultural innovators in the new world?

the engllish