CH 2- Management, Yesterday and Today 

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contingency variables

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23 Terms

1

contingency variables

Organisations are individually different, face different situations (________), and require different ways of managing.

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2

Experimental findings

________: productivity increased under imposed adverse working conditions.

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3

Situational approach

________: "no one universally applicable set of management rules by which to manage organisations.

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4

Frederick Winslow Taylor

________: father of scientific management.

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5

Social norms

________, group standards, and attitudes influence individual output and work behaviour more strongly than monetary incentives.

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6

Administrative management theory

________ primarily focuses on improving the efficiency of management so that lower- level employees can recognize appropriately and the tasks can be done consistently.

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7

Workforce diversity

________: increasing heterogeneity in the workforce.

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8

Entrepreneurship

________: process of starting new businesses, generally in response to opportunities.

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9

research strategy

Is a(n) ________ that focuses on quantifying the collection and analysis of data.

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10

Philosophy of management

________ driven by continual improvement in the quality of work processes + responding to customer needs and expectations.

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11

Frederick Winslow Taylor

father of scientific management

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12

Systems

set of interrelated and interdependent parts arranged in a manner that provides a unified whole

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13

Closed systems

are not influenced by and do not interact with their environment (all system input/output is internal)

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14

Open systems

dynamically interact to their environments by taking in inputs and transforming them into outputs that are distributed into their environments

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15

"Situational approach"

no one universally applicable set of management rules by which to manage organisations

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16

Workforce diversity

increasing heterogeneity in the workforce

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17

Entrepreneurship

process  of starting new businesses, generally in response to opportunities

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18

E-business

electronic business

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19

E-business enhanced organisation

e-business units within traditional organisations

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20

E-business enabled organisation

e-business tools and applications used within traditional organisation

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21

Total E-business organisation

organisations entire work processes revolve around e-business model

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22

Learning organisations

organisation that has been developed the capacity to continuously learn+adapt, and change

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23

Knowledge organisations

cultivation of a learning culture where organisation members gather and share knowledge to achieve better performance

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