CH 2- Management, Yesterday and Today

contingency variables

Organisations are individually different, face different situations (________), and require different ways of managing.

Experimental findings

________: productivity increased under imposed adverse working conditions.

Situational approach

________: "no one universally applicable set of management rules by which to manage organisations.

Frederick Winslow Taylor

________: father of scientific management.

Social norms

________, group standards, and attitudes influence individual output and work behaviour more strongly than monetary incentives.

Administrative management theory

________ primarily focuses on improving the efficiency of management so that lower- level employees can recognize appropriately and the tasks can be done consistently.

Workforce diversity

________: increasing heterogeneity in the workforce.

Entrepreneurship

________: process of starting new businesses, generally in response to opportunities.

research strategy

Is a(n) ________ that focuses on quantifying the collection and analysis of data.

Philosophy of management

________ driven by continual improvement in the quality of work processes + responding to customer needs and expectations.

Frederick Winslow Taylor

father of scientific management

Systems

set of interrelated and interdependent parts arranged in a manner that provides a unified whole

Closed systems

are not influenced by and do not interact with their environment (all system input/output is internal)

Open systems

dynamically interact to their environments by taking in inputs and transforming them into outputs that are distributed into their environments

"Situational approach"

no one universally applicable set of management rules by which to manage organisations

Workforce diversity

increasing heterogeneity in the workforce

Entrepreneurship

process  of starting new businesses, generally in response to opportunities

E-business

electronic business

E-business enhanced organisation

e-business units within traditional organisations

E-business enabled organisation

e-business tools and applications used within traditional organisation

Total E-business organisation

organisations entire work processes revolve around e-business model

Learning organisations

organisation that has been developed the capacity to continuously learn+adapt, and change

Knowledge organisations

cultivation of a learning culture where organisation members gather and share knowledge to achieve better performance