Unit 7: Gravitation
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27 Terms
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Kepler’s First Law
Every planet moves in an elliptical orbit, with the Sun at one focus.
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Kepler’s Second Law
As a planet moves in its orbit, a line drawn from the Sun to the planet sweeps out equal areas in equal time intervals.
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Kepler’s Third Law
If T is the period, the time required to make one revolution, and a is the length of the semimajor axis of a planet’s orbit, then the ratio T^2/a^3 is the same for all planets orbiting the same star.
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Newton's Law of Gravitation
States that every particle of matter in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
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Gravitational Constant
a fundamental constant of nature and has a value of approximately 6.674 x 10^-11 N * m^2 / kg^2
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Gravitational potential energy
It is the energy possessed by an object due to its position in a gravitational field. It is defined as the work done in moving an object from infinity to a point in the gravitational field.
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eccentricity
The deviation of an ellipse from a perfect circle is measured by a parameter called its \______.
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barycenter
The focus is at the center of mass of the Sun-planet system, because when one body orbits another, both bodies orbit around their center of mass, a point called the _________.
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barycenter
Actually, the focus is at the center of mass of the Sun-planet system, because when one body orbits another, both bodies orbit around their center of mass, a point called the \______.
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Gravity
The force of attraction between two objects with mass.
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Orbit
The path of an object as it revolves around another object in space.
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Elliptical orbit
An orbit that is shaped like an ellipse, which is an elongated circle.
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Orbital velocity
The speed at which an object must travel to maintain a stable orbit around another object.
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Mass
The amount of matter in an object.
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Distance
The amount of space between two objects.
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Escape velocity
The minimum speed an object needs to escape the gravitational pull of a planet or other celestial body.
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Period
The time it takes for an object to complete one orbit around another object.
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Solar system
The collection of planets, moons, and other celestial objects that orbit around the Sun
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Gravity
The force of attraction between two objects with mass.
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Orbit
The path of an object as it revolves around another object in space.
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Elliptical orbit
An orbit that is shaped like an ellipse, which is an elongated circle.
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Orbital velocity
The speed at which an object must travel to maintain a stable orbit around another object.
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Mass
The amount of matter in an object.
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Distance
The amount of space between two objects.
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Escape velocity
The minimum speed an object needs to escape the gravitational pull of a planet or other celestial body.
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Period
The time it takes for an object to complete one orbit around another object.
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Solar system
The collection of planets, moons, and other celestial objects that orbit around the Sun