AICE International History 2.2

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Treaty in which Russia lost substantial territory to the Germans. This ended Russian participation in the war (1918).

Fourteen Points

A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I.

Weimar Republic

German republic founded after the WWI and the downfall of the German Empire's monarchy.

Paris Peace Conference

The peace conference that decided the terms of WWI peace and post-war treaties

Woodrow Wilson

American president; US representative at the Paris Peace Conference

David Lloyd George

British representative at the Paris Peace Conference

Georges Clemenceau

French representative at the Paris Peace Conference

Vittorio Orlando

Italian representative at the Paris Peace Conference

Internationalism

A national policy of actively trading with foreign countries to foster peace and prosperity

Isolationism

A policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations

Treaty of Versailles

the treaty with Germany after WWI in which they lost territory, were forced to demilitarize, had to accept full blame for the war, and had to pay reparations

demilitarization

A reduction in a country's ability to wage war, achieved by disbanding its armed forces and prohibiting it from acquiring weapons.

War Guilt Clause

in treaty of Versailles; declared Germany responsible for WWI

Treaty of Saint-Germain

treaty with Austria created at the Paris Peace Conference; lost territory

Treaty of Neuilly

treaty with Bulgaria created at the Paris Peace Conference in which they lost territory and had to pay reparations

Treaty of Sevres

treaty with Turkey created at the Paris Peace Conference in which they lost territory

Treaty of Trianon

treaty with Hungary created at the Paris Peace Conference in which they lost territory

self-determination

Concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves

Bolsheviks

the group that led the communist revolution in Russia in 1917

successor states

Nations created from former Eastern European empires that began as democracies but soon succumbed to political, economic, and diplomatic crises (Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia)

Benito Mussolini

Fascist Dictator of Italy

hyperinflation

money is rapidly losing value

Washington Naval Conference

1921--Britain, France, Italy, Japan & US agree to limit size of navy

Five Power Treaty

1922

*Committed the US, Britain, Japan, France, and Italy to restricting construction of new battleship class ships

*Pact gave Japan naval supremacy in the Pacific

Four Power Treaty

1921. Treaty between the US, Great Britain, France, and Japan to maintain the status quo in the South Pacific, that no countries could seek further territorial gain.

Nine Power Treaty

1922. Treaty that was essentially a reinvention of the Open Door Policy. All members to allow equal and fair trading rights with China.

Genoa Conference

post-World War I meeting to discuss the economic reconstruction of central and eastern Europe and to explore ways to improve relations between Soviet Russia and European capitalist regimes...but France refused to compromise

Treaty of Lausanne

The 1923 treaty that ended the Turkish war and recognized the territorial integrity of a truly independent Turkey; replaced Treaty of Sevres

Fascism

A political system headed by a dictator that calls for extreme nationalism and racism and no tolerance of opposition

armaments

military weapons and equipment

multinationalism

a county that contains many different nationalities and ethnicities

propaganda

information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.

Mustafa Kemal

Leader of Turkish nationalists who overthrew the last Ottoman sultan

Vladimir Lenin

Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924).

Comintern

Communist International, international association of communist parties led by the Soviet Union for the purpose of encouraging worldwide communist revolution

collective security

A system in which a group of nations acts as one to preserve the peace of all

Covenant of the League of Nations

promise created to establish the rules for cooperation of an international organization

Dawes Plan

A plan to revive the German economy by allowing Germany to adjust annual payments on their reparations

disarmament

Reduction of armed forces and weapons

economic sanctions

Boycotts, embargoes, and other economic measures that one country uses to pressure another country into changing its policies.

League of Nations

an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations

Mandate System

Allocation of former German colonies and Ottoman possessions to the victorious powers after World War I; to be administered under League of Nations supervision.

plebiscite

A direct vote in which a country's people have the opportunity to approve or reject a proposal

communism

A theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state.

diplomacy

The practice of conducting negotiations between countries

gold standard

A monetary system in which paper money and coins are equal to the value of a certain amount of precious metals

inflation

a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.

reparations

Payment for war damages

self determination

the right of people to choose their own form of government

Corfu Incident

Mussolini occupied a Greek island in 1923 after the murder of an Italian diplomat

Ruhr Crisis

France invades Germany after their failure to pay reparations; the LON tells them to leave, but they refuse

Little Entente

The French alliance between the smaller countries of Poland, Hungary, Romania, and Czechoslovakia.

Rapallo Pact

agreement in 1922 in which the Germans and Russians agreed to cooperate in a number of areas, particularly in economic and military matters.