Chapter 10: Nervous System Diseases/Disorders

Disorders and disses in the nervous system

Alzheimer Disease

Common form of dementia

Confusion

Mental state in which environmental stimuli are not processed appropriately

Delirium

acute altered state of consciousness with agitation and disorientation

Dementia

chronic, progressive, irreversible loss of the minds cognitive, and intellectual functions

Stroke

acute clinical event caused by impaired cerebral circulation

Narcolepsy

involuntary falling asleep

Tonic-Clonic Seizure

the body alternates between excessive muscular rigidity, and jerking muscular contractions

Tourette Syndrome

disorder of multiple motor and vocal tics

Aneurysm

small, circumscribed dilation of an artery or cardiac chamber

Autism

a disorder with severely abnormal social and communication skills

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

disease of cattle that can be transmitted to humans causing Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease

Encephalitis

inflammation of the brain cells and tissues

Parkinson Disease

disease of muscular rigidity tremors, and a masklike facial expression

Syncope

temporary loss of consciousness and postural tone due to diminished cerebral blood flow

Tremor

small, shaking, involuntary repetitive movements of hands, extremities, neck, or jaw

Epilepsy

chronic brain disorder due to paroxysmal excessive neuronal discharges

Partial Seizures

One localized areas of the brain

Absence seizures

when the person goes vacant for up to a minute and stares vaguely

Tonic-Clonic

the person experiences loss of consciousness, the breathing stops, the eyes roll up, and the jaw clenches which is the tonic phase. Then, the whole-body shakes with a series of violent, rhythmic jerking’s of the limbs and this is the clonic part

Febrile Seizures

triggered by a fever in infants and toddlers. Very few children develop epilepsy

Hemorrhagic Strokes

when a blood vessel in the vein bursts

Brain Tumors

Often metastasized from cancers

Coup

Soft brain is propelled forward and squishes against the front of the skull

Countercoup

Soft brain is propelled to the back of the skull

Contusion

Like a bruise cause by coup or countercoup

Concussion

-          Mild head injury

-          May feel being dazed, confused, or unable to recall the event that caused the concussion

Subdural Hematoma

Closed head injuries

Meningitis

inflammation of the meninges

Bell Palsy

Weakness of muscles on one side of the face 

Psychosis

when one has a loss of contact with reality, these people are considered psychotic

Schizophrenia

when ones perception are separated from reality, get hallucinations

Major Depression

also called unipolar disorder, When a person is deeply sad, despairing, and hopeless for at least 2 weeks

Borderline Personality Disorder

when people are impulsive, and can switch drastic moods quickly

Dura Mater

outermost layer of tough connective tissue

Arachnoid Mater

Thin Web over the brain and spinal cord

Pia Mater

innermost layer of the meninges

Analgesia

state in which pain is reduced

Color Doppler Ultrasonography

use of high-frequency sound waves to show different rates of blood flow through the arteries of the neck and base of the brain