Exploration and Colonization: Jamestown and Roanoke ~ Review

The settlement of ________________ was started in Virginia. It was the first permanent English settlement in the New World.

Jamestown

Jamestown was started by the _____________ _______________ (also known as the Virginia Co. of London) in 1607.

London Company (The London Co.)

The London Co. was granted a _____________by King James I.

charter

Who granted a charter to the London Company?

King James I

A charter is a document giving royal permission to start a ___________, which outlines the boundaries and the rights of the colonists.

colony

The London Company was a ____________ - ____________ company.

joint-stock

In a joint-stock company, English merchants ___________ their money and the money of the investors.

pooled

English merchants pooled their money and the money of the investors to finance the _________ to North America and the colony.

trip

In May _____________, three ships furnished by the London Co. delivered 105 settlers to Jamestown.

1607

Seven months after arriving in Jamestown, only ____________ had survived.

32

Two-thirds of people died in Jamestown from _____________, hunger, and hostile Indians.

disease

Who saved Jamestown?

Captain John Smith

Captain John Smith saved Jamestown by bargaining for food with the ________________ Indians.

Powhatan

Captain John Smith saved Jamestown by calling for a " _________ __________, ___________ ___________" rule.

no work, no food

John Rolfe married the Powhatan princess, ___________________.

Pocahontas

The marriage between John Rolfe and Pocahontas brought temporary _______________ between the colonists and Powhatans.

peace

Pocahontas acted as an _______________ between the settlers and the Powhatans. An ________________ is someone who acts as a go-between.

intermediary

When Pocahontas visited England, she was treated as visiting ____________.

royalty

Colonists held Pocahontas for ______________ since she had become a key to relations between the settlers and Powhatans.

ransom

One hardship that early English colonists faced in Virginia was _____________ food and fresh water.

insufficient

English colonists in Virginia faced harsh, cold ______________ and faced hostile American Indians.

winters

In the winter 1609 to 1610, known as the _______________ _______________, Chief Powhatan has warriors lay a blockade to James Fort, which trapped 300 settlers.

Starving Time

By the spring of 1610, the forced starvation (The Starving Time) kills all but __________ of the fort's 300 residents.

60

Which crop ultimately saved Jamestown and turned the colony profitable?

tobacco

By the late 1620's, colonists exported more than 1.5 million pounds of "__________ ___________"(tobacco) to England each year.

brown gold

Tobacco was considered a ___________ ___________.

cash crop

A cash crop is raised in large ________________ in the hopes that it will bring great profits.

quantities

In order to grow tobacco, the Virginia Co. needed ___________ ____________ and began encouraging settlers to move to Jamestown.

field laborers

The _______________ Company offered people willing to move to Jamestown a headright..

Virginia

A headright gave ___________ acres of land to each person who could pay their own way to Virginia.

50

The Virginia Company hired _____________ _____________ to work on the large acres (plantations).

indentured servants

An indentured servant worked without ___________ for a certain number of years (usually 4-7 years) in exchange for transportation to the colonies.

wages (pay)

In ___________, 20 Africans for the first time were brought to Jamestown on a Dutch ship as indentured servants.

1619

Soon after bringing Africans to Virginia as indentured servants, they were used as _____________.

slaves

The year of 1619 was important and ironic because Virginians gained ___________-_____________ (gained freedom) and also enslaved Africans (denied freedom).

self-government

In 1619, male settlers chose __________________, or representatives.

burgesses

The burgesses or representatives in Virginia met in an assembly called the ___________ of ______________.

House of Burgesses

The House of Burgesses and the governor made laws for Jamestown, becoming the first ___________________ government in the English colonies.

representative

In a representative government, voters _____________ representatives to make laws for them.

elect

The popular economic principal of __________________ encouraged the establishment of colonies by European countries in the New World and elsewhere.

mercantilism

Under mercantilism, a large _______________ is the key to wealth (gold/silver).

empire

Under mercantilism, a colony ______________ exclusively (only) with the mother country by exporting raw materials.

trades

Under mercantilism, a colony imports finished goods only from the _____________ ______________.

mother country

The exchange of goods between the West Indies/the American colonies, Europe, and West Africa was a route called ____________ ______________.

triangular trade

The most valuable resource that America had and people wanted was ______________.

land

How many people of the 500 that came to Jamestown before Rolfe remained alive when he arrived? (The Starving Time)

Barely 60 people

John Rolfe traveled to the New World on the ship, __________________.

Deliverance

_________________ controlled the world-wide tobacco trade until John Rolfe introduced it to the New World.

Spain

How much money was the first tobacco harvest worth?

More than one million dollars

Jamestown is the _________________ of America!

birthplace

The first colony in America was on _________________ Island, off the coast of North Carolina. It was under the sponsorship of Sir Walter Raleigh.

Roanoke

Under Roanoke's charter, the people were to establish a colony and look for ___________.

gold

At Roanoke during the first settlement, the colonists fought with the native peoples and found life ______________. The survivors begged for a passage back to their home country after a year.

difficult.

During the second settlement of Roanoke, families _____________ their own money into the colony and received 500 acres of land.

invested

Eleanor Dare gave birth to a daughter, Virginia, and she is considered to be the __________ ____________ born in America.

first English

John White made his trip back to England from Roanoke after the second time to get more ____________.

supplies

John White left Roanoke in the summer of 1587 and didn't return until ____________.

1590

When White returned to Roanoke, what did he find?

He found that not a soul remained at the settlement.

Rumors about the "lost colony:"

1) The settlers went to the Croatoan Indians.

2) The settlers also went to live with the Chesapeake Indians and were killed by another tribe.

3) The settlers were victims of Spanish pirates.

When White returned to Roanoke, he found some rusted debris, the letters "CRO" carved on a tree, and the word, _______________ on a door post.

CROATOAN