Acids, bases, and salts

help me

What is an acid?

A proton donor (hydrogen)

What is an alkali?

Releases OH- ions in water

Difference between strong and weak acids

Strong acids have higher concentration of H+ ions which completely dissociate in water

What is formed when acid reacts with metal oxide

Salt and water

What is formed when acid reacts with metal hydroxide

Salt and water

What is formed when acid reacts with ammonia

ammonium salt

What is formed when metal reacts with dilute acid

Salt + hydrogen

Metal carbonate + acid

salt + water + carbon dioxide

metal hydrogencarbonate + acid

salt + water + carbon dioxide

Metal nitrate (heated)

metal oxide + nitrogen dioxide (brown gas) + oxygen

metal carbonate (thermal decomposition)

metal oxide + carbon dioxide

soluble salt + soluble salt

insoluble salt (ppt) + soluble salt

Sulfuric acid

H2SO4

Hydrochloric acid

HCl

Nitric acid

HNO3

Phosphoric acid

H3PO4

Ethanoic acid

CH3COOH

What is the difference between alkali and bases?

Bases are substances that react with acids to form salt and water. All alkalis are bases. Alkalis are a special type of base that foms OH- ions when reacted with water

Are all salts soluble?

Yes

Are all nitrates soluble?

Yes

Are all chlorides soluble?

Yes, except for AgCl and PbCl2

Are all sulfates soluble?

Yes, except for PbSO4, BaSO4, CaSO4

Are all carbonates soluble?

No, except for Na2CO3, K2CO3, ammonium carbonate

Are all hydroxides soluble?

No, except for NaOH, KOH, NH4OH

What is the ionic equation for reaction of any acid with any alkali?

H+ (aq) + OH- (aq) —> H2O (l)

How to make magnesium carbonate

1. prepare sodium carbonate by adding sodium carbonate to water

2. prepare magnesium sulphate by adding it to water

3. Mix it together

Observations of magnesium carbonate reaction

Cloudy ppt

Preparation of copper (II) sulphate

1. warm sulhpuric acid

2. add copper 2 oxide until it all dissolved

3. filter

4. heat and crystalise

5. filter crystals

Why do you need to warm sulhpuric acid?

to increase rate of reaction

How do you know all cu2o has reacteD?

black settles / it doesn’t disappear

What is the colour of the filtrate for copper two sulpohate?

blue