Abraham Maslow Human Needs Theory

Abraham Maslow

Human Needs Theory

Heirarchy of Needs

1. Physiological Needs

These are biological requirements for human survival, e.g., air, food, drink, shelter, clothing, warmth, sex, and sleep.

2. Safety Needs

Emotional security, financial security (e.g., employment, social welfare), law and order, freedom from fear, social stability, property, health, and wellbeing (e.g., safety against accidents and injury).

3. Love & Belongingness Needs

Friendship, intimacy, trust, and acceptance, receiving and giving affection and love. Affiliating, being part of a group (family, friends, work).

4. Esteem Needs

Include self-worth, accomplishment, and respect.

Esteem for oneself (dignity, achievement, mastery, independence)

The desire for reputation or respect from others (e.g., status, prestige)

5. Cognitive Needs

Knowledge and understanding, curiosity, exploration, need for meaning and predictability.

6. Aesthetic Needs

Appreciation and search for beauty, balance, form, etc.

7. Self-actualization Needs

Realizing personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal growth, and peak experiences.

8. Transcendence Needs

A person is motivated by values that transcend beyond the personal self.