Dr. Smith Rawls

What role does rationality play in Rawls’ theory?

Rationality is used to make impartial decisions

What role does “fairness” or “egalitarianism” play in Rawls’ conception of justice?

Egalitarianism is the idea that all people should be made equal and no one should be oppressed. ‘Fairness’ in John Rawls' eyes means the freedom of opportunity, and that no one should be oppressed by the accident of birth. This means that the situation you were born into should not result in you being oppressed.

John Rawls' theory of justice includes the concept of the 'veil of ignorance'.

True

Rawls' theory of justice is primarily concerned with economic equality.

False

What is the main idea of John Rawls' theory of justice?

Justice as Fairness

What does Rawls’ theory of justice say about social cooperation?

It should be based on mutual advantage

The principle that is NOT part of Rawls' two principles of justice is maximizing total happiness.

Maximizing total happiness

In Rawls’ theory, the purpose of the ‘original position’ is to ensure fairness in principles of justice.

A. To ensure fairness in principles of justice

Which book by John Rawls outlines his theory of justice?

A theory of justice

What does the 'veil of ignorance' ensure in Rawls' theory?

Impartial decision-making

How does Rawls' concept of 'justice as fairness' differ from the traditional utilitarian views discussed in class (give at least two differences)?

Happiness vs. Fairness: Utilitarianism seeks to maximize overall happiness, while Rawls prioritizes fairness, ensuring justice for the least advantaged.

Wealth Distribution: Utilitarianism focuses on maximizing total happiness, which could justify inequality if it benefits the majority. Rawls, however, emphasizes improving the conditions of the least advantaged.

Individual Rights: Utilitarianism may justify limiting rights, such as free speech, if doing so increases overall happiness. Rawls, in contrast, upholds fundamental freedoms like free speech, even if restricting them would benefit the majority.

John Rawls' theory of justice is a form of utilitarianism.

False

The ‘difference principle’ allows inequalities if they benefit the least advantaged.

True

What aspect of society does Rawls' theory primarily address?

Basic structure of social/political institutions

Explain the concept of the ‘original position’ in John Rawls’ theory.

Thought Experiment: People design a just society without knowing their future status.

Veil of Ignorance: They are unaware of their class, race, gender, or abilities.

Fair Principles: Ensures rules benefit everyone, including the least advantaged.

What does Rawls suggest about basic liberties?

A. They should be equal for all citizens

What role does the ‘veil of ignorance’ play in determining John Rawls’ principle of justice?

The veil of ignorance prevents any sort of biases towards higher groups, and ensures that people consider groups that are at a disadvantage from birth.

According to Rawls' "veil of ignorance" thought experiment, what must individuals do when making decisions about society?

Imagine they don't know their place in society

Describe the difference principle in Rawls’ theory of justice

Benefit to the Least Advantaged: Inequalities in wealth and power are only just if they improve the position of the least advantaged.

Fair Opportunity: Everyone should have equal access to opportunities, regardless of their background.

Justifiable Inequality: Differences in income or status are acceptable only if they help the worst-off members of society.