Studied by 5 people
Agriculture, Food Production and Rural Land Use words + definitions
Truck Farming
grows vegetables, fruits sold to large processors for eventual human consumption
GMOs
living systems and organisms that have their genome altered intentionally and directly
Organic Farming
type of agricultural/food production driven by concerns over more common methods of agriculture, made possible by affluent customers
Draining Wetlands
method of farming that removes water from wetlands in order to use the fertile soil for farming
Desertification
when arable land is turned into land that cannot be used for farming due to poor management, harsh climate, or slash and burn
Von Thunen
a model that showed how market processes could determine how land in different locations would be used
Green Revolution
advances in plant biology that began in the mid-20th century; led to development of higher-yielding, disease-resistant, faster-growing varieties of grains biggest developments in rice, corn, and wheat
animal domestication
the controlled raising of livestock in a farm to eventually be killed and then sold or consumed
Columbian Exchange
the exchange of plants, animals and diseases between hemispheres during the 15th through 17th centuries.
Terraces
making a slope landscape a series of flat steps for farming to be more conventional at these locations
Irrigation
the moving of water from a source to an agricultural region that is far away
Deforestation
the removal of forests, and trees to make space for farmland
Second Agricultural Revolution
accompanied the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain in the 18th century mechanization of agricultural production, advances in transportation, development of large-scale irrigation, changes to consumption patterns of agricultural goods, invention of steel plough and mechanized harvesting
Pesticides
chemical substance designed to kill insects that harm plants
herbicides
chemical substance designed to kill weeds and other harmful plants
Mediterranean agriculture
agriculture in regions where the climate stays very stable all year round
Shifting agriculture or cultivation
another name for slash-and-burn agriculture
Pastoral nomadism
in another form of agricultural production that involves the herding of animals, such as sheep and goats
Subsistence agriculture
growing enough crops to feed the family, but not for commercial sale
Agribusiness
a form of commercial agriculture that links production and processing industries
specialty farming
farming rare, unconventional crops that are grown in very few places
aquaculture
farming that occurs underwater or in large amounts of water
early agricultural hearths
Mesoamerica, Southwest Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia
plantation agriculture
farming that uses relatively large areas of land in a tropical climate to produce cash crops
agriculture
the science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products.
Agriculture Hearths
There are six primary hearths of Agriculture, or places where scientists agree most plantings of crops originated. Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, Southwest Asia, Central Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia. There are also two secondary Agricultural hearths, located in south Asia and Southwest Asia.
Agriculture Regions
an area where the practice of agriculture can be done. Normally areas of fertile soils, steady climates, and access to water
high-yield seeds
seeds whose plants grow to be very large and produce high yields
Chemical Farming
farming that uses synthetic and artificial substances to produce yields
mechanized farming
the use of machines and vehicles to make the farming process more efficient
fertilizer
a chemical or natural substance added to soil or land to increase its fertility
food desert
an area that has limited access to nutritious, affordable food
fair trade
arrangement designed to help producers in developing countries be able to sell their product for a fair price
value-added specialty crops
added value to crops that are grown in a special way that is often higher quality than the standard
bioclimatic zones
regions of the planet that share a common climate and biological makeup of plants and animals.
commercial farming
the raising of crops and livestock for sale in markets
intensive farming
a system that mechanizes nearly all agricultural processes in order to maximize yields for a relatively small agricultural region
mixed crop and livestock farming
farming systems that grow crops and raise livestock as well
extensive farming
farming that uses relatively large areas of land but lower intensity to produce yields.
global supply chain
worldwide network where a company buys goods or services overseas
rural settlement
permanent settlement of people in an area that is well removed from large urban centres
biotechnology
technological advancements within biological systems that improve agriculture, and other sciences
plant domestication
the controlled growth of crops in a farm to eventually be harvested and then sold or consumed
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