Urbanisation and London

London

________ is located to the south- east of England around where several clusters of large cities are.

Green Belt

________- The area around London which has been protected for environmental purposes.

Freiburg

________ is located in Germany, to the south- west.

Opportunities

________ (transport)= Developed integrated transport system allowing easy access to all different areas of London.

Social deprivation

________ is the degree to which a person or community lacks the things that are essential for a decent life including work, money, housing and services.

cultural mix

Opportunities (________)= multiculturalism- a country or place that has more than one culture living together in proximity; London is one of the most diverse places not just in Britain but on Earth; culture enriches large areas of London.

Greenfield sites

________ are sites that havent been built on before (still green)

mix of cultures

Opportunities (social)= Better ________ (in London); larger chance of employment.

Challenges

________ (knife crime)= Knife crime is extremely high in London, the city with the highest knife crime rate being being Enfield, the city with the most improvement being Newham and the one with the biggest increase in this crime being Southwark.

Freiburg

________ is sustainable by using solar power, having 40 % of the city forested, reusing rainwater for use indoors and having water retention basins, using integrated transport, restricting car parking spaces and leaving open space.

London

________ is important as its the UKs largest metropolis (largest city) and is the economic, transportation and cultural centre.

London

Opportunities (employment)= ________ is one of the largest contributors to economy among the English regions; ________ was responsible for 46 % of the total UK GVA from the financial and insurance activities sector.

Rural urban fringe

the area between the urban and rural area

Pros of Brownfield sites

Sites available due to decline in industry, new development can improve the area, reduces the need for urban sprawl, public transport is better in urban are/s, so there is less need for cars

Cons of Brownfield sites

Old buildings may need to be demolished first to make way for development and so this might cause harmful gases and dust, land is more expensive in urban areas

Pros of Greenfield sites

Land is cheaper in rural areas, no demolition or contamination is needed

Cons of Greenfield sites

Public transport is worse in rural areas so there is a need for cars, increases urban sprawl, valuable farmland or land for recreation may be lost, natural habitats may be destroyed, once land is built on it is unlikely to be turned back

Derelict

something thats run down

Green Belt

The area around London which has been protected for environmental purposes

Urban sprawl

The growth of an urban area

Pros of the Crossrail

Extra 1.5 miles driven within 45 miles with the new line, more raise in property value, increase of passengers by 10%, improved access for disabled people, reduced journey times

Cons of Crossrail

Not In My BackYard occurs (nimbysm) occurs due to the line being built, whole project costed around £15 billion, cut down a lot of trees to make way for it, many tube stations need refurbishment still, extra 200 million journeys a year

Benefits of the Crossrail

Reduced journey times, increase the number of passengers, estimated £42 billion benefit to wider UK economy, 55,000 full time jobs generated directly from building the train line, improved access for the disabled and improved integrated transport system

Positives of the Olympic Park regeneration (social)

New school made for 1,800 students, Most diverse borough in London

Positives of the Olympic Park regeneration (economic)

Westfield is a global attraction, meaning that people would still want to visit the area, Olympic villages where athletes stayed turned into affordable homes, facilities cheap to access now that the Olympics are done

Positives of the Olympic Park regeneration (environmental)

Plans for attractive green parks, large area of available land so not much land had to be cleared, stadiums made from 25% recycled materials, new green spaces and wildlife habitats were created including ponds, woodlands and artificial otter holts

Negatives of the Olympic Park regeneration (social)

Unemployment increased in areas such as Tower Hamlets, Local businesses had to move, properties for the poorer people demolished to make way for site

Negatives of the Olympic Park regeneration (economic)

Rents and property prices increased after games, 2,800 new affordable homes will be unaffordable to Newhams poorest households, many people in the boroughs surrounding the Olympic park remain in poverty

Negatives of the Olympic Park regeneration (environmental)

The games produced 3.3 million tons of CO2, Lots of wildlife had to be relocated, many of the materials used to make the park came from overseas