mp 4 test

tallest mt range in world

Himalayan

Mt Everest location

Nepal

river sacred to Hindus

Ganges

Hindi language

less than 1/2 of Indians speak it, they mainly speak English

Bengali region

Bangladesh

Urdu

Muslims/Pakistan

Sanskrit

sacred written Hindu language that eventually developed to record the Vedas

Vedas

collections of hymns, pslams, and stories first only passed down orally; tells 33 different gods all born by one creator, Brahma

Upanishads

writings that elaborated and explained Vedas

Ramayana

story on Prince Rama and his wife that tell how Hindu male and females should behave

Bhagavad-Gita

“Song of God”, teachers fundamentals of Hinduism; the dictionary of Hindu conduct

Moksha

heaven like state of bliss; release from samsara and union with Brahman (Hindu Gods)

three gods in the Hindu trinity

Brahma is The Creator, Vishuis is The Preserver, Siva is The Destroyer

Caste System

Varna; divides up society into different division based on occupation

Brahmins

Directly caste; highest rank because of spiritual and educational work

Kshatriyas

warrior caste; soldiers, rulers, government officials who governed and protected the land

Vaisyas

Merchants, farmers, traders, shopkeepers, and craftsmen

Sudras

lowest caste, serve upper 3 classes, unskilled laborers, landless peasants, hired hands, represent feet

Caste Rules

\- only marry within caste

\- eat/drink with same caste

\- practice same occupations (heredity)

status of caste system since 1950 to present

constitution abolished untouchability

Akbar the Great from the Mughal Empire and what he did

Indian ruler in the late 1500’s, considered the greater Muslim ruler of India, married a Hindu and ended all discrimination against Hindus, established religious tolerance between the two groups blended Islamic and Hindu art, music, architecture, etc.

Sikhism

religion that emerged in the 1500’s, combined certain Muslim and Hindu ideas, believed in karma, reincarnation, meditation, and rejected the caste system, developed strong military to defend region

East India Trading Company

Trading posts set up in east and west of India

Who the British drove out of India

French

Sepoy Rebellion and the results

months long violent rebellion over rumors that cartridges for new rifles were created with beef or port fat (cows sacred to Hindus and Muslims forbidden to touch pork). EITC was abolished and the British took over official Indian rule

Who made up the Indian National Congress

mostly Hindu lawyers who called for reforms in British rule

Muslim League

formed by Muhammad Ali Jinnah in 1906, wanted independence from Hindu domination

Where Gandhi first used civil disobedience

South Africa

What happened with the Amritsar Massacre

General Dyer commanded troops to fire into trapped crowd killing and wounding thousands of men, women, and children

Salt March

protest in 1930 led by Gandhi as he led followers on a 200-mile march from his home after British laws forbade Indians from making salt

“Quiet India” movement

urging Indians to follow a non-cooperation policy with the British, over 200,000 congress members arrested

How India was split in the 1947 Indian Independence Act

millions of Muslims fled to Pakistan and millions of Hindus fled to India

Who led Pakistan

Jinnah

What happened to Gandhi soon after independence

assassinated by a Hindu extremist who thought Gandhi betrayed his own people

India’s first leader

Jawaharal Nehru

What happened to Indira Gandhi and why

faced massive public opposition in 1985 when she tried to jail opponents and limit some freedoms, assasinated

What happened to Rajiv Gandhi and why

assassinated in 1991 by guerrilla group from Sri Lanka who was angry over India’s involvement in their civil war

area disputed with India and Pakistan

Kashmir

Potential danger that could occur between India and Pakistan

nuclear war

Indian city that had major terrorist attack in 2008

Mumbai

One of most notable things about India under Narendra Modi

Being a Hindu nationalist and a controversial figure and for his discrimination

traditional expectations and problems for women in India

\- seen as subordinate to men

\- protested rap, sexual violence, child marriage, dowry deaths

\- want equal pay and more daycare centers

\- major duty to bear sons

Sitar

Indian version of a guitar

Bollywood

India has largest motion occur industry in world

Taj Mahal

In Agra, India, built by Mughal emperor in 1600’s as a tomb for his wife

Pakistans reaction to 9/11

broke ties with Taliban and allied with US

Where Osama bin Laden was found hiding

close to a military base in Pakistan in 2011

How and why Bangladesh got independence

wanted economic and political power, civil war broke out and they won to gain their independence

natural disasters that can often occur in Bangladesh

cyclones and terrible flooding during monsoon season

what occurred for decades in Sri Lanka until 2009

Civil War

What Maldives are in danger of

Sinking since none of the islands are 6ft above sea level

Southeast Asian countries the British colonized

Myanmar, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei

three countries made up “French Indonesia” that France colonized

Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia

What country the Spanish colonized

Philippines

What country the Dutch colonized

Indonesia

What country the Portuguese colonized

East Timor

What country Thailand colonized

not colonized by Europe

Countries majorly Christians

Philippines, East Timor

countries majority Muslims

Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei

Counties majority of Buddhists

Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore

What Ho Chi Minh did

started Vietnam’s communist party

countries Ho Chi Minh fought against

Japan, France, US

Geneva Accords

temporarily divided Vietnam on the 17th parallel

How Vietnam War started and ended for US

sent over half of million troops to help, but eventually couldn’t end the war so they had to eventually withdraw

Who led Khmer Rouge and what they did

Pol Pot led communist forces and they fought a civil war to overthrow the government and forced millions of people out of their homes and killing millions

How the “killing fields” ended

Vietnam invaded Cambodia in 1978, overthrew Pol Pot, installed a pro-Vietnam leader, and fought Khmer rogue for a decade

country with the fastest growing economy

Laos

What Thailand did in the Vietnam War

sided with the us and absorbed thousands of refugees from Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia

Political situation in Vietnam over the last decade

experienced much political turmoil, voter fraud, coup, several shifts of power, resignations, and violent protests

What Myanmar was formally known as

Burma

Who is Aung San Suu Kyi

winner of 1990 election, but army rejected results, jailed her, and put her under house arrest for the next 20 years

status of democracy over last decade in Myanmar

significant violence by army against a minority Muslim ethnic group called Rohingya, military taking control

controversy with minority ethnic group of Muslim Rohingyas

violence with army with accusations of genocide, rape, villages burned, and ethnic cleansing

why natives rioted in Malaysia in the 1960’s

they rioted against Chinese and Indians who had a disproportionate amount of power in the country

How has Malaysia been governed

By Mohamad Mahathir through 1980’s-90’s, but retired in 2003

What the government and economy is like in Singapore

Lee Kuan Yew, who ruled as a dictator, providing a stable government, but the current Prime Mini minister is Lee Hsien Loong. It remains a wealthy, clean, safe country with many foreign investors, and now more democracy.

How Brunei is wealthy

Oil Supply

Controversy involved Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah

implemented Sharia law, but it has not been fully imposed due to significant international backlash

worlds largest Muslim country

Indonesia

What happened to Indonesia in 2002 and 2004

2002: terrorist bomb at night club killing hundreds

2004: 9.0 earthquake causing tsunami that killed 150,000 Indonesians

What General Suharto did in Indonesia

attempted military coup in late 60’s which was put down by the army chief of staff. His army later killed hundreds of thousands of suspected communists undermining Sukarno

newest country of Southeast Asia and its struggle

East Timor which has a poor economy, riots, violence, and assassination attempts on their leaders

What happened after the Philippines fought against Spain for independence

They expected the US to recognize their independence, but islands came under US control. They rebelled against the US, but were crushed

Current leader of Philippines, and how he won the election

President Ferdinand Marcos jr, campaigned that he tried to rewrite history of his father's controversial rule

Latin country that primarily speaks Portuguese and has the Amazon Rainforest

Brazil

longest mt range in world

Andes

second longest river

Amazon

three early civilizations from Latin America

Mayans, Aztecs, Incas

Who Mexico fought for independence

Spain

currient issues with US today

illegal immigrants

what led slavery in Cuba and Haiti

sugarcane industry booming

what the Cuban Revolution resulted in

communist dictatorship

What were Cuban relations like with the US and Soviet Union since the revolution

US broke relation but in 2015 Obama announced diplomatic. relations with Cuba would be restored

What Francois Toussaint L’Ouverture did

Led the salve population revolt in 1697 becoming independent in 1804

How did the US react to Francois Toussaint L’Ouverture getting independence for the slaves

they did not recognize it for decades out of fear it would inspire revolutions from slaves in the US

poorest Latin country

Haiti

Hispaniola

island that also includes Dominican Republic

What happened in 2010 to Haiti

suffered worst earthquake in 200 years, 10 miles from capital that destroyed the city

two groups that fought in Nicaragua in 70’s/80’s

Contras and the Sandinistas

Daniel Ortega

former president of Nicaragua elected in 2006 and remains in power today