APUSH American Pageant Ch. 34 Comprehensive Detailed Review by Jack_Dugoni3, expanded and edited by ashton_w18

Following the bombing of Pearl Harbor, what were the cries that arose from many infuriated Americans?

"Get Japan first"

What was the name of the Allied agreement that called for the strategy of "getting Germany first" in WWII?

ABC-1 Agreement

What, according to the book, are wars won with?

What are they allegedly not won with?

What was the most needed munition for the Allies during the war?

Bullets

Blueprints

Time

What did some American communists refer to World War 2 as?

Anglo-French "imperialist" war

What federal order authorized the creation and usage of concentration camps for Japanese Americans?

What court case upheld the constitutionality of this order?

How much would the government pay for reparations for each survivor of the camps in 1988 after they apologized?

Executive Order No. 9066

Korematsu vs. U.S.

$20,000

Who replaced "Dr. New Deal", according to FDR in 1943?

"Dr. Win-the-War"

According to polls in 1942, out of ten Americans how many could not cite provisions of the Atlantic Charter?

Nine

What administration organized industrial mobilization for WWII and poured forth an avalanche of weaponry?

War Production Board (WPB)

What prodigy ship-builder had one of his ships fully assembled in 14 days?

What was his nickname?

Henry J. Kaiser

"Sir Launchalot"

What territories were invaded by the Japanese to cut off the U.S. supply of rubber?

What was imposed by the government to conserve rubber?

How many synthetic rubber plants did they build during the war?

Other than rubber, what other supply was just as important that the territory offered?

British Malaya and the Dutch East Indies

National Speed Limits and Gasoline Rationing

51

tin

What institution helped to control the 1942 inflationary surge by rationing critical goods such as meat and butter?

Who cheated these restrictions?

Office of Price Administration (OPA)

"black marketeers" and "meatleggers"

What federal organization placed a ceiling on wage increases so as to limit inflation?

National War Labor Board (NWLB)

What union of workers was prominent for their strikes during the war?

Who was their chieftain?

United Mine Workers

John L. Lewis

What act allowed the federal government to seize and operate industries whose workers were striking?

Smith-Connally Anti-Strike Act

What were the three best known "women in arms" allowing women to join the war effort for noncombat duties?

Women's Army Corps (WAC)

Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES) (dedicated to navy)

U.S. Coast Guard Women's Reserve (SPAR)

What outfits were men drafted into the war clothed into?

"GI" (government issue) outfits

What program brought Mexican workers into the United States to compensate for the workers sent overseas?

The Bracero program (Mexican agricultural workers were called braceros)

Whose children did the federal government provide 3,000 day-care centers for?

"Rosie the Riveter"

What were babies who were born in the decade and a half after 1945 called?

"baby boomers"

What are the four freedoms threatened by Nazi and Japanese aggression, as cited in a speech by FDR?

What beloved American artist gave a pictorial representation of them?

Freedom of Speech, Freedom of Worship, Freedom from Want, and Freedom from Fear

Norman Rockwell

What did FDR call the South as in 1938?

What would the Southern region be called after economic growth?

"the nation's number one economic problem"

"Sunbelt"

Who threatened a massive "Negro March on Washington"?

What was he the head of?

A. Philip Randolph

Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters

What did FDR establish to prevent discrimination in defense industries?

Fair Employment Practices Commission (FEPC)

What slogan did black people rally behind during the war in support of victory over the dictators and racism?

"Double V"

What organization saw its membership shoot up to almost 500,000 during the war?

What militant organization was founded in 1942 and was committed to non-violent "direct action" against racial discrimination?

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

What invention caused the South's historic need for cheap labor to disappear and rivaled the cotton gin?

How many people could it do the work for at about one-eighth the cost?

What had almost become a synonym for black as this invention caused a second Great Migration?

the mechanical cotton picker

50

"urban"

What were Native Americans who transmitted radio messages in their native languages called?

What two Natives American tribes made especially valuable contributions playing this role?

"code talkers"

Comanches (Europe) and Navajos (Pacific)

How many blacks would be killed in a brutal race riot in Detroit in 1943?

Whites?

25

9

What was the name given to the group of African-Americans who served as pilots during the war?

What was their official title?

The "Tuskegee Airmen"

The 99th Pursuit Squadron

Who claimed that war in a capitalist country must allow business to make money, or business won't work?

What was his position?

Henry Stimson

Secretary of War

Which department store rang up the biggest sales day in its history on the third anniversary of Pearl Harbor?

Macy's

What institution channeled hundreds of millions of dollars into university-based scientific research?

The Office of Scientific Research and Development

What did many observers look back to 1941-1945 as the origins of due to postwar economy depending on military spending?

"warfare-welfare state"

How much did the war cost per hour at its financial peak?

$10 million

What British-Chinese port did the Japanese seize?

Hong Kong

Who was the Chinese generalissimo during WWII?

What road did the U.S. use to transport his forces supplies before the Japanese cut it off?

Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kaishek)

Burma Road

Who led the combined American and Filipino forces in defense against the Japanese at Bataan?

What other fortress held out until the Japanese forces took over?

General Douglas MacArthur

Corregidor

As General MacArthur left for Australia, what did the remnants of his army have to suffer through while left behind?

Bataan Death March

What battle was the first in which all fighting was done by carrier-based aircraft and served as a check of Japanese advances?

Battle of Coral Sea

What battle was a pivotal victory for the U.S. and prevented the Japanese from forcing the U.S. forces into destructive combat?

What two generals were especially notable as leaders there?

Battle of Midway

Admirals Chester Nimitz and Raymond Spruance

What highway was constructed through Canada partially because of fear of a Japanese land invasion through Alaska?

What islands by Alaska would the Japanese have control over?

"Alcan" Highway

Kiska and Attu

What did the Japanese imperialists allegedly suffer from as their appetites were bigger than their stomach?

"victory disease"

What magazine was the first that the War Department allowed to publish a photograph of dead GIs?

What ratio of casualties, Japanese to American, persisted throughout the war?

"Life"

10:1

What island would America ground forces gain a toehold on against the Japanese to protect the lifeline from America to Australia through the southwest Pacific?

Guadalcanal Island (in the Solomons)

What island was the first step to MacArthur's return to the Philippines?

New Guinea

What old-fashioned strategy would the U.S. Navy utilize, skipping over heavily fortified islands and seizing weaker locations nearby as they advanced towards Tokyo?

"leapfrogging"/ island hopping

What set of islands was especially prized for its proximity to the Japanese mainland?

What notable territory was conquered there by the U.S.?

What planes would go on to carry out round-trip bombing raids of Japan?

The Marianas

Guam

B-29 superbombers

What was the opening of the assault on the Marianas called by American pilots?

What fighter planes were keys to the U.S. victory?

How many planes did the U.S. lose?

What battle would follow the next day where U.S. naval forces sank several Japanese carriers?

The "Great Marianas Turkey Shoot"

"Hellcat" planes

29

Battle of the Philippine Sea

What island featured a Japanese "Suicide Cliff" immediately following U.S. victory over the Marianas?

Saipan

What did Hitler's formidable fleet of ultramodern submarines operate in?

During ten months of 1942 how many merchant ships were reported lost?

How many was reported lost in June?

"wolf packs"

500

111

What was the motto of merchant seamen in response to the German sinking of American ships?

What were the German codes that British code breakers would crack that would allow them to pinpoint the locations of U-boats?

"Keep 'Em Sailing"

"enigma" codes

On what German city did the British launch a thousand-plane raid?

Cologne

What German general led his forces to Egypt to as far east as the Suez Canal?

What was his nickname?

Marshal Erwin Rommel

"Desert Fox"

What British general delivered a withering attack on Rommel's German forces at El Alamein, Egypt to halt their eastern progress?

What tanks did he use that would aid him?

Where did he drive the Germans back to?

Bernard Montgomery

American Sherman Tanks

Tunisia

In what crucial city did the Russians stall the German steamroller? (It was the graveyard of Hitler's hopes)

Stalingrad

Who headed the secret Allied assault on French-held North Africa? (it was the mightiest waterborne event in that point of history)

What was his nickname?

Where would the German-Italian army be trapped?

Dwight D. Eisenhower

"Ike"

Tunisia

What conference did Churchill and FDR decide to demand an "unconditional surrender" from the Axis powers?

Who popularized the phrase "unconditional surrender"?

What island of Italy's would they agree to invade?

What monastery was the site of the Germans' seemingly impregnable defense during the Allied invasion of Italy?

What was the final town that the Allied forces took over before Rome was taken over on June 4, 1944? (this battle ended on June 5, 1944)

Casablanca Conference, (French Morocco)

General Ulysses S. Grant

Sicily

Monte Cassino

Anzio

What nickname of Italy would it belie after they unconditionally surrendered (Sep 1943, due to disposition of Mussolini) and declared war on Germany (Oct 1943)?

What nickname did Churchill give to Italy when encouraging the invasion of Italy?

"Sunny Italy"

"soft underbelly" (of Europe)

What was the decided meeting site of FDR, Churchill, and Stalin to discuss opening a second European front?

Where did FDR stop on the way there for a conference?

Who was the conference with and what country did it regard about?

How many times did Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill meet over the course of WW2?

Tehran, Iran (Persia)

Cairo, Egypt

Britain's Churchill and China's Jiang Jieshi; Japan

Nine

Who headed the Allied invasion of Western Europe?

How many fighting men were readied?

Where was the invasion to occur that Germany was not expecting?

When would this invasion start?

What day was this known as?

Dwight D. Eisenhower

3 million

French Normandy

June 6, 1944

D-Day

What American general commanded the American armored divisions and was most spectacular out of those who helped breaking out of the German iron ring that enclosed the landing zone of Normandy?

What was his nickname?

George S. Patton

"Blood 'n' Guts"

What town was a battlefield in WW1 that would also turn into one in WW2 that the allies invaded?

What did some American soldiers quip regarding this town?

What was the first important German city to fall to Allied forces?

Chateau-Thierry

"Lafayette, we are here again"

Aachen

Who was the Republican candidate for President in 1944?

How old was he at the time?

Who was the vice presidential candidate?

Thomas E. Dewey

42

Senator John W. Bricker of Ohio

What was FDR referred to as in the Democratic convention of 1944?

Who was the "plow 'em under" Secretary of Agriculture who sought to be FDR's VP?

What move did conservative Democrats start because they distrusted him?

"indispensable man"

Henry A. Wallace

"ditch Wallace"

Who was nominated to be FDR's VP for his final term?

What was he nicknamed?

Senator Harry S. Truman of Missouri

"the new Missouri Compromise"

What work of Shakespeare did one major recall before entering the beaches at Normandy?

What was the famous battle recalled in this work?

"Henry V"

Battle of Agincourt

Who did FDR allegedly send a Navy destroyer to retrieve?

Fala, his scottie dog

Who did FDR seem to be running against in 1944?

What organization aided FDR's campaign?

Herbert Hoover

CIO (Congress of Industrial Organizations)

What were two nicknames for Dewey?

The "crime buster" and "the little man on top of the wedding cake"

What type of aerial bombs were the allies using against Germany?

"blockbuster" bombs

What battle was Hitler's last attempt at turning the tide of the war?

Where did it take place?

What was Hitler's objective at this battle?

Battle of the Bulge

Ardennes Forest

Belgian port of Antwerp

What military division halted the advance of the Germans at the Battle of the Bulge?

What vital bastion did they stood firm at?

Who was the commander of this force?

What did he answer the German demand for surrender with?

101st Airborne Division

Bastogne

Brigadier General A. C. McAuliffe

"Nuts"

What did the Soviet soldiers say when they saw the American forces at the Elbe River?

What river would the American forces reach beforehand where they found a strategic bridge undemolished?

"Amerikanskie tovarishchi" (American comrades)

Rhine River

When did Hitler commit suicide?

April 30, 1945

Where did FDR die?

What was the cause of his death?

When?

Warm Springs, Georgia

Cerebral hemorhage

April 12, 1945

What day did Germany surrender unconditionally?

What was the day after German surrender joyfully declared?

May 7, 1945

V-E (Victory in Europe) Day (May 8)

What nicknames was given to American submarines during WWII?

About what percent of Japan's ships did it sink?

"the silent service"

50%

From what islands were giant bomber attacks launched from on Tokyo?

How many people would the bombings kill from March 9-10, 1945?

Mariana Islands and Saipan (Capital of Marianas)

83,000

What island of the Philippines did General MacArthur land after completing his conquest of New Guinea?

Leyte Island

How many battles were there at the clash of Leyte Gulf?

What American admiral lead the clash at Leyte Gulf and almost loss the battle when he was decoyed by a feint set by the Japanese?

What was his nickname?

3

Admiral William F. Halsey

"Bull"

What island did MacArthur land on after Leyte?

What Philippine city was his main objective?

Luzon

Manila

What tiny Pacific island was needed as a haven for damaged American bombers that was captured in March 1945?

How many days would the assault be on Iwo Jima?

What mountain's peak served as the location of what was probably the most famous photo of the war? (The picture later became a statue in D.C.)

Iwo Jima

25 days

Mount Suribachi

What would be the last Japanese island before reaching mainland that Americans would takeover after Iwo Jima for closer bases from which to blast and burn enemy cities and industries?

How many Americans would die until the Japanese surrendered the island?

What were Japanese suicide pilots that crashed their bomb laden planes onto the decks of invading fleets called?

What was Japanese ritual suicide for their god-emperor called?

Okinawa

50,000

Kamikazes (meaning Divine Wind)

Harakiri (はらき り)

At what conference was Japan issued an ultimatum by the Allied powers, which was to surrender or be destroyed?

Because of you paying attention in Honors World History, what codes played a role in Japan to refusing to surrender?

Potsdam Conference

Bushido Codes

What was the name of the project in which the atomic bomb was developed? What German-born scientist contributed largely to this weapon?

Where was the atomic bomb first tested?

What two Japanese cities had atomic bombs dropped upon them?

Manhattan Project

Albert Einstein

Alamogordo, New Mexico

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Who was the scientific director of the Manhattan Project that quoted the Hindu scripture Bhagavad-Gita in referencing the power of the atomic bomb?

J. Robert Oppenheimer

Where did Russia deplete Japanese defenses two days after the atomic bomb on Hiroshima?

How long would it take?

Manchuria and Korea

6 days

Where was the second atomic bomb dropped after Japan fanatically refused to surrender?

Nagasaki

Who did the Japanese want to remain in power even after their surrender when suing for peace?

Hirohito

Where were official WWII surrender ceremonies conducted?

What was the day of official Japanese surrender proclaimed to be?

What was the date of this event that also marked the end of WW2?

The battleship "Missouri" in Tokyo Bay

V-J (Victory in Japan) Day

Sep 2, 1945

What notable drug was especially useful in preventing deaths due to war injuries?

How many civilian deaths were there in the mainland United States?

penicillin

6 (in Oregon)

Who was the chief of staff for the U.S. army in WW2?

George Marshall

Which Nazi leader sneered that "The Americans can't build planes-only iceboxes and razor blades"?

Hermann Goering