exam 2 history quartos

1. Articles of Confederation

It created the first U.S. government but was too weak to tax, enforce laws, or regulate trade

2. James Madison

He wrote the Virginia Plan and became the “Father of the Constitution”

3. Constitutional Compromises

The Great Compromise created a two-house Congress, and the Three-Fifths Compromise settled representation issues

4. Hamilton’s Financial Plan

He wanted a national bank, federal assumption of state debts, and new taxes to build national credit

5. Washington’s Farewell Address

Washington warned against political parties and foreign alliances

6. Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans

Federalists wanted a strong national government, while Democratic-Republicans preferred strong state governments

7. Causes of the War of 1812

British impressment and interference with trade helped lead to war

8. Key Battles of the War of 1812

Important battles included Lake Erie, the Thames, Baltimore, and New Orleans

10. Jefferson’s Views on Slavery

Jefferson said slavery was wrong but continued to own enslaved people

11. Transportation Developments

Steamboats, canals, and early railroads made travel faster and cheaper

12. Communication Developments

The telegraph and cheap printing allowed news to spread quickly

13. Cotton Gin Impact

The cotton gin sped up cotton processing and expanded slavery in the South

14. Immigration Impact

Immigration increased the workforce and caused nativist backlash

15. Supreme Court Impact

The Supreme Court strengthened federal power through cases like Marbury v. Madison

16. Panic of 1819

Falling cotton prices and reckless lending caused a major depression

17. Missouri Compromise

It balanced free and slave states by admitting Missouri as slave and Maine as free

18. John Quincy Adams’ Accomplishments

He supported national improvements, though Congress often blocked him

19. Andrew Jackson’s Accomplishments

Jackson expanded presidential power and pushed Indian Removal

20. The Bank War

Jackson destroyed the national bank, contributing to economic instability

21. Nullification Crisis & Calhoun

Calhoun supported states’ rights and resigned as Vice President

22. Rise of the Whig Party

The Whigs formed to oppose Andrew Jackson’s strong use of presidential power

23. Van Buren’s Challenges

Van Buren dealt with the Panic of 1837 and widespread economic hardship

24. Two-Party System Emergence

Disagreements over Jackson, the bank, and government roles created Democrats and Whigs

25. Jackson’s Legacy

He strengthened the presidency but enforced harmful policies like Indian Removal

26. Movement West (1830–1840)

Americans moved west for cheap land and opportunity, helped by new transportation

27. Texas, California, Oregon

These regions attracted settlers and fueled Manifest Destiny

28. Texas Annexation Delay

Annexation was delayed because it risked war with Mexico and increased slavery tensions

29. Polk’s Campaign (1844)

Polk ran on expanding the U.S. to Texas, Oregon, and California

30. Causes of the Mexican-American War

A border dispute and Polk’s desire for western lands caused the war