Quizlet - Cell Division and Mitosis

zygote

formed by combination of two gametes

genome

all of the genetic material of a cell or organism

gamete

sperm or egg cell

diploid

contains TWO sets of chromosomes

haploid

Contains ONE set of chromosomes

What is homologous chromosome?

Same shape chromosome. Same genes in same spot.

gene

DNA piece - usually used to make proteins

locus

position of a gene on a chromosome

cell cycle

The process where a cell grows and divides to make two new cells.

interphase

period of the cell cycle leading up to mitosis

mitotic phase

Time when cell split. Copy of chromosomes go to two new parts. Cell guts also split in two.

cytokinesis

division of the cytoplasm

G1 phase

cell makes matierals it will need to divide

S phase

synthesis + DNA replication occurs

G2 phase

third phase of interphase during which the cell undergoes final preparations for mitosis

mitotic spindle

microtubules that help the movement of chromosomes during mitosis

G0 phase

outside of the cell cycle phase

karyokinesis

division of the nucleus into two nuclei

prophase

stage of mitosis during which chromosomes condense and the mitotic spindle begins to form

microtubules

Long fibers in cell. Help move stuff, keep shape, and pull apart chromosomes.

prometaphase

kinetochores assemble at centromeres and microtubules attach to kinetochores

kinetochore

Sticky stuff on chromosome middle. Help pull apart sister parts when cell split.

centromere

holds sister chromatids together

metaphase

Chromosomes are aligned at the metaphase plate

anaphase

sister chromatids are separated

telophase

chromosomes decondense and are surrounded by a new nuclear envelope