Lecture 5-Imperial Rivalry and the Conquest of New France

What war marked Great Britians decison to put effort into a decisive battle into the struggle for domimance in the new world for French V Britain?

seven years war

Struggle for dommiance was not just French V Britain who else was a important agent of change in the New World?

League of five nations.

The defeat of France was not ______

inevitable

exact reasons unkown, Iroqouis ____ __ other indigenous societies

drove out

Back in Europe this was a conflict heavy time, this conflict often ….

spilled over to the new world

consquences of peace treaties signed back in europe also

caused fallout in the New world

When was the Treaty of Utrecht signed?

1713

In the the Treaty of Utrecht what caused fallout in New world?

French ceded lands of Acadia to Britain that were first nations land!

Conflict in New world seemed ____ to goverment back in Europe

small

French had the fortress of Louisburg returned to them _____ after captured British negotiators gave it back

twice

Acadia changed half a _____ times during the 17th 18th centuries

dozen

British royal navy did not establish its first North American naval station until _____ in ______ only __ years before battles on the plains of Abraham.

1749 Halifax 10

most fighting in America was carried out by….

colonial militias or by Indigenous warriors

Only one professinal troop was in the new world before the halifax base and it was when and where and why

New france became a crown colony in 1663, in Quebec, to protect from league of five nations

At first glance it appears the ____ ____ shouldve won with relative ____

British colonies ease

in 1687 Britian outnumbered France __ - _

20-1

Indigenous people were inclined to ally with ______

French

by 1750 english colonies had about ___ _____ and new france had ______

1.5 million 60,000

Regardless of Britians large numbers their colonies were not _____

united

we can think of the english colonies as __ ____ colonies ______ and working _______ eachother

13 seperate competing against

The British colonies left to do most of the fighting against new France were

Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut

Even with three colonies fighting against New France they still outnumbered New france …

8-1

Britain struggled to turn their large numbers into effective _____ _____

military forces

Militia are only required to attack within their __ _____

own state

Unlike the british New france was a ____ _____ giving them a military advantage

single government

Another factor that protected New france was __________. _______ seperated New france and Britian

Geography Mountains

Terrian narrowed the routes __ _____ for Britain, preventing successful action for a long time

of invasion

What does La Petite Guerre mean and refer to

little warfare, Indigenous combat stye, rading, ambush, hit and run tatics

French adapted to ________ style warfare tatically because their small numbers

Indigenous

without _________ ____ french would have never made it that long

Indigenous allies

We can say broadly indigenous warriors were tactically ______ than Europeans, espically the British

Superior

Its important to note Indigenous were fighting for their ___ ____ to protect their ___ ____

own reasons, own land

British campains in 1755 consistedof

a four pronged assault on major French fortresses in North America

What were the 4 fortressess attacked by the british in 1755

• Fort Niagara

• Fort Duchesne

• Fort St. Frerderic

• Fort Beausejour

What was Britians only successful fort capture in 1755

Fort Beausejour in Acadia

What came in the wake of the capture of Fort Beausejour in Acadia

Deportation of Acadia people, since they refused to swear to the British Crown.

What fort was a diaster casuing the defeat of 1500 Britians VS a force of half the size mostly indigenous warriors, some French Canadians

Fort Duchesne

Marquis de Montcalm

A french general

When did Marquis de Montcalm become general

1757

What British politican was elected and decided to full weight at north America and when

William Pitt the elder in 1758

Only in ____ did French start to suffer losses

1758

What was the first french fortress to fall and when?

Louisburg in 1758

Why did french start to suffer losses

William Pitt the elder sent a huge amount of British troops to the new world

General James Wolfe

British general

Britian now had huge man power and could attack mutiple areas at once, this left the french to have to

abandon some forts and concentrate forces into one

By the time Wolfe finds an enterance to Quebec he only had about ______ men left from diases and desertions

4,500

Wolfe struggled to find a way to break into _____

Quebec

When was the battle of the plains of Abraham

September 13th 1759

what mistake did Montcalm make during the battle of the plains of Abraham?

attacked right away without full number of his army

who died during battles of Abraham?

Wolfe and Montcalm

After british won battle Quebec was only able to hold out for _ __ ____

a few days

Shortly after ____ was taken by Britain as well, thus ending the independence of new france as a french colony

Monteral

Aftrmath of conquest proved difficult for Britian because of altered realtios with _______ people and not knowing what to do with ______ ____ subjects

Indigenous French catholic

For the indigenous people loss of French power was a ______. the British no longer wanted a _________ with the indigenous

disaster, relationship

Shortly after Conquest of New france Indigenous people rose up and _______ every british post

attacked

in response to Indigenous attakcs the government in london released what doccument and when?

Royal Proclamation in 1763

the Royal Proclamation was important doccument for Indigenous rights because it recognized indigenous ____ to ___ and set limits on colonies now considered _________

title land tresspassing

British ______ French Canadians to ____

encouraged stay

Britian allowed FC to keep their ______ and their ______ faith

properties, catholic

What treaty ended the seven years war and when

Treaty of Paris in 1763

What act expanded quebecs territory and when ?

Quebec act in 1774

besides expand territory what else did the Quebec act do?

granted catholic religious freedom and French civil law

Which act pissed off Americans and when

Quebec act 1774

What casued discontent wit British goverment along the Atlantic seaboard colonies in america

boundary set on indigenous territory, taxationw without representation