Art 190 D

\______________ is the application of new ideas toward a usable solution.

Practical development

Drawing ______________.

all of these

Creativity is merely the capacity to have lots of ideas.

False

\______________ is a pressed block made from a mixture of carbon and glue.

Sumi ink

The renowned fashion designer Yves Saint Laurent ______________.

used drawing to focus on invention at the beginning of his creative process

\______________ is the development of ideas or concepts.

Ideation

Edward Burne-Jones's design for The Tomb of Tristram and Isoude, c. 1862, is an example of how the designer used drawing to create a ______________.

stained-glass window

The drawing process described in Chapter 6 is intended to be used for ______________.

observational drawing

Whether working on an easel, a drawing horse, drafting table, or perhaps one's lap, the artist's view of the page should ______________.

be perpendicular to the center of the paper

Hannah Elizabeth Caney's drawing Harmonica, 2015, is an example of ______________.

blind-contour line

Drawing studies ______________.

can be made quickly as a sketch, or they can be labored explorations

Some dry media are classified according to hardness from "H" to "____".

B

Typically, it is not recommended to blend a drawing with ______________.

bare fingers

Sighting and measuring techniques include ______________.

all of these

A ______________ is a quick, generalized drawing that is concerned with the placement of objects on the page.

sketch

When sighting and measuring, it is recommended to ______________.

all of these

The American artist Kara Walker uses shape to create narrative scenes inspired by ______________.

the pre-Civil-War South of the United States

Shape can be employed in realist work, which aims to depict the physical world as accurately as possible.

True

\______________ limited his/her subject matter to a few favorite still-life objects, and studied the relationships between these simple objects and the space around them.

Giorgio Morandi

\______________ are the shapes created through the absence of objects.

Negative shapes

Gesture drawings ______________.

suggest movement

Observational drawing ______________.

all of these

\______________ is a Renaissance term that describes the process of having creative ideas and making them visible through drawing.

Disegno

\______________ is the scrutinizing of a work's visual appearance based on the organizing principles of design and drawing elements.

Formal analysis

\______________ is to search for and explain the apparent meaning behind a work.

Interpretation

In the charcoal drawing The Gust of Wind, 1870-71, the artist Jean-François Millet ______________.

drew a preparatory sketch for a painting

In critical analysis, ______________ is one's own evaluation; it is a judgment based on reasoning.

conclusion

\______________ is considered to be a way to connect related works, especially ones of a similar period, culture, or movement.

Stylistic analysis

\______________ is a forum of artistic dialogue, often oral but sometimes written. It involves evaluating artwork by oneself or in discussion with others.

Critique

\______________ often considers historical and cultural circumstances and issues. These could include religious, biographical, or gender issues, to mention a few.

Contextual analysis

\______________ is a technique in which objects are drawn as if they are transparent.

Drawing through

A still-life drawing can ______________.

all of these

Although popular among collectors and patrons before the nineteenth century, still-life drawing was regarded by many as a minor art form limited to representation: the mere craft of a copyist who lacked imagination.

True

Deborah L. Friedman often uses ______________ in her drawings, as is evident in her work Balancing Act, 2009.

irregular forms

When drawing a still life, it is recommended to ______________.

all of these

St. Teresa AHHH OH OH oh is a mixed-media work by ______________. It features a female historical icon paired with objects from modern popular culture.

Audrey Flack

A ______________ is one thing that is used to represent another.

metaphor

The image of George Washington on the front of the American $1 bill uses ______________ to depict volume.

cross-contour lines

Michael Graves's drawing Tempietto del Bramante, 1961, reveals his aim to capture and comprehend three-dimensional forms ______________.

by drawing through

The cross-contour lines in Louise Bourgeois's The Tapestry of My Childhood, 1947, recall ______________.

fabric, referencing her childhood in her family's tapestry-restoration shop

Carl Randall's Study for a London Café Scene, 2003, relies on ______________ as its primary means of describing space.

the placement of items on the picture plane

Objects appear to ______________ as they recede into the distance.

diminish in size

\______________ is a way of representing space based on the principle that parallel lines appear to converge as they move away from the viewer.

Linear perspective

In reality, the appearance of objects seen at a distance is affected in a number of ways, including ______________.

all of these

When drawing in linear perspective, the ______________ represent(s) the actual height of the viewer's eyes, or eye level, when looking at an object or scene.

horizon line

The Chat and Chew Diner background from The Iron Giant, Warner Bros., is an example of ______________ perspective.

two-point

\______________ is a drawing medium that uses a fine wire on a prepared surface.

Silverpoint

The drawing surface is often referred to as the ______________ .

ground

Paper that has durable qualities that prevent deterioration is ______________.

archival

In 1997, the Belgian artist Wim Delvoye began to use ______________ as a surface for his drawings.

live pigs

Several things to consider when selecting a paper include its

all of the above

Hot press papers have a surface that is highly textured.

False

\______________ in three-point perspective.

Vertical lines do not remain parallel to one another

When trying to draw an ellipse, avoid ______________.

drawing flat sides

The ______________ is the widest part of an ellipse.

major axis

The theories of linear perspective are useful for checking and refining observational drawings.

True

A ______________ is a small preliminary drawing with a primary focus on composition.

thumbnail study

Graphite can be purchased in

all of the above

A ______________ is a small, window-like tool to assist with planning and framing a composition from observation.

viewfinder

\______________ is a line that we associate with certain types of feelings, expressions, or moods.

Emotional line

A pure outline avoids ______________.

overlap and interior lines

Contour line differentiates itself from a pure outline by suggesting ______________.

a third dimension

\______________ is the quality or physical characteristic of a line, for example its width or thickness.

Line weight

\______________ refers to the visual flow or movement created by repetition.

Rhythm

Vitruvian Man by Leonardo da Vinci is sometimes known as ______________.

the Canon of Proportions

\______________ is the size and shape of a work of art.

Format

To "block in" or "map out" is ______________.

to add approximate values to a drawing; this is often used as a first step when applying value

The drawing process described in Chapter 6 includes this step: ______________.

all of these

When an object interrupts a light source, it creates a ______________.

cast shadow containing a variety of values

The blending of values, rather than the application of them in segments, defines ______________.

value drawing

The French artist Pierre-Paul Prud'hon uses a soft blending tool called a(n) ______________ to smudge or blend media.

stump

Sometimes artists limit themselves to three to five values in order to simplify their compositions. This can be seen in many of the drawings in this chapter, such as Nicolas Poussin's The Holy Family on the Steps or Andrew Wyeth's Open House Study.

True

A distinct pattern or configuration that emerges from the repetition of lights and darks is referred to as ______________.

value pattern

\______________ is the actual color of the surface, as it would be if it were unaffected by light or shadow.

Local color

Jacob Collins's graphite drawing Seated Nude Dusk, 2011, demonstrates the technique of ______________.

blocking in mass value

\______________ uses shading techniques to render the illusion of volume.

Modeling

\______________ is a visual illusion expressing texture through mark-making or pattern.

Visual texture

Replicated texture is the same as ______________.

simulated texture

\______________ is a style in which an image imitates reality so closely that the subject—and its texture—appears to be real.

Hyper-realism

The layers of aggressive marks found in José Clemente Orozco's Man Struggling with Centaur are good examples of ______________.

none of these

Alexandre Isidore Leroy de Barde's work Selection of Shells is an example of ______________.

trompe l'oeil

A subtractive drawing technique in which a top layer of a medium is scratched away to reveal the layer beneath is called ______________.

sgraffito

Drawings made by taking an impression from an uneven surface to form a work of art are called ______________.

rubbings

\______________ is remembered for a free and childlike aesthetic.

Jean Dubuffet

\______________ is a work of art assembled by gluing materials onto a surface. From the French "to glue."

Collage

Photos can be transferred to paper using ______________.

all of these

Alexandre Isidore Leroy de Barde's work Selection of Shells is an example of ______________.

trompe l'oeil

A subtractive drawing technique in which a top layer of a medium is scratched away to reveal the layer beneath is called ______________.

sgraffito

Drawings made by taking an impression from an uneven surface to form a work of art are called ______________.

rubbings

\______________ is remembered for a free and childlike aesthetic.

Jean Dubuffet

\______________ is a work of art assembled by gluing materials onto a surface. From the French "to glue."

\______________ is the investigation of how an object can be divided into planes.

Planar analysis

Planar analysis can only be used when drawing simple geometric forms (such as pyramids, cubes, cylinders, and spheres), not other objects (such as organic objects, which are irregular and multifaceted).

False

\______________ is the technique of establishing the outermost dimensions of a subject by using lines to encase it.

The envelope method

\______________ refers to the technique by which line is used to create shading to suggest volume and space.

Cross-contour line

\________________ involves using parallel lines of various density and thickness to create value.

Hatching

Hatching and cross-hatching can only be done in ink.

False

Conté crayons are most commonly found in earth tones.

True

A French Impressionist artist that used black conté crayons to create rich atmospheric value drawings was

Georges Seurat

In earlier times, such travel drawings as Albrecht Dürer's City of Arco, 1495, were ______________.

made on single sheets of paper and compiled into book-type portfolios later on