Cell Wall

Ribosomes

Structures that make proteins within a bacterial cell.

Pili/Fimbriae

Hairlike structures that aid in attachment to other bacteria and cell surfaces; pili are longer and fewer per cell whereas fimbriae are more numerous and shorter.

Glycocalyx

A sticky layer composed of polysaccharides that can be either a capsule or a slime layer.

Capsule

A thick, tight matrix that can be stained, providing protection to the bacterial cell.

Slime layer

A thin, looser layer that cannot be stained and helps in forming biofilms.

Flagella

Whip-like appendages used for locomotion, driven by a motor mechanism.

Flagellin

The protein that makes up the structure of flagella.

Basal body

The motor component of the flagellum that rotates counterclockwise during a 'run' movement.

Hook

The part of the flagellum that allows for rotation.

Biofilm

A gelatinous matrix of bacteria attached to a surface, providing protection and aiding in adherence.

'Run-tumble' motion

The movement pattern of flagellated bacteria, involving continuous rotation of the flagella for forward movement (run) and periodic changes in direction (tumble).

Antibiotic resistance

The ability of bacteria to resist effects of antibiotics, which can be spread more quickly through events like conjugation.